NTR 454/554 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
_______________ is the material received during the first few milkings that is held back
from the market and fed to the calves.
a. Colostrum
b. Dilute milk
c. Areola
d. Sweet milk - ANSWER a. Colostrum
The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is ______________.
a. Oligosaccharides
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Lactose - ANSWER d. Lactose
For the *infant*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. Infant morbidity and mortality
b. Heart disease
c. Hypertension
d. Sudden infant death syndrome
e. Slower growth rates between 1 and 6 months - ANSWER e. Slower growth rates
between 1 and 6 months
For the *mother*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. Type II diabetes
b. Migraine
c. Ovarian cancer
d. Breast cancer
,e. Depression - ANSWER b. Migraine
Which of the following components is NOT found predominantly in the aqueous
(water-soluble) phase of the milk?
a. Vitamin A
b. alpha-lactalbumin
c. Vitamin C
d. Sodium - ANSWER a. Vitamin A
The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the _____________.
a. myoepithelial cells
b. secretory vesicles
c. secretion cells
d. epithelial cells - ANSWER d. epithelial cells
How do oligosaccharides contribute to a human infant's health status?
a. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that destroy the outer cell wall of gram-positive
bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria
b. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that have potent cytolytic effects on intestinal
parasites, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast.
c. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that inhibit the binding of enteric and respiratory
microorganisms and their toxins to the epithelial cells in the infant's gut.
d. Oligosaccharides are proteins that bind to microorganisms and prevent them from
harming the body's tissues. - ANSWER c. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that
inhibit the binding of enteric and respiratory microorganisms and their toxins to the
epithelial cells in the infant's gut.
Jessica and James recently had a baby named Sarah who was born prematurely at 28
weeks of gestation. Sarah is being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit and is
being fed her mother's own milk. How is Jessica's milk specially tailored for Sarah's
nutritional needs during this time of prematurity?
a. There is no difference between Jessica's milk and milk from a mother who gave birth
to a baby at term.
b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than
milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
,c. The milk has higher levels of lactose and fat and lower calories than milk from a
mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
d. The milk has lower calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term
because premature infants do not require as dense a nutrient source as a term infant -
ANSWER b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and
calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
____________ is a protein in milk that binds iron and inhibits bacterial growth.
a. Lactoferrin
b. Lactose synthase
c. IgA
d. ethylene-diaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) - ANSWER a. Lactoferrin
Milk is produced and stored in the ______________.
a. stroma
b. alveoli
c. myoepithilial cells
d. areola - ANSWER b. alveoli
The onset of milk secretion is called _____________.
a. lactogenesis
b. involution
c. lactoferrin
d. mammogenesis - ANSWER a. lactogenesis
, (T/F) - Colostrum contains a higher concentration of immunoglobulins than most later
milk. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Most of the fat in milk is surrounded by a material that closely resembles cell
membrane. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - There is a greater abundance of whey proteins in cow's milk than casein proteins.
- ANSWER False
(T/F) - Cow's milk contains all of the essential amino acids. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Percent fat content of milk varies with species. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Water is not a major component of milk. - ANSWER False
(T/F) - During lactation, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals are extracted
from the bloodstream by the mammary gland. - ANSWER True
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast
- ANSWER Progesterone
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
_______________ is the material received during the first few milkings that is held back
from the market and fed to the calves.
a. Colostrum
b. Dilute milk
c. Areola
d. Sweet milk - ANSWER a. Colostrum
The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is ______________.
a. Oligosaccharides
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Lactose - ANSWER d. Lactose
For the *infant*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. Infant morbidity and mortality
b. Heart disease
c. Hypertension
d. Sudden infant death syndrome
e. Slower growth rates between 1 and 6 months - ANSWER e. Slower growth rates
between 1 and 6 months
For the *mother*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. Type II diabetes
b. Migraine
c. Ovarian cancer
d. Breast cancer
,e. Depression - ANSWER b. Migraine
Which of the following components is NOT found predominantly in the aqueous
(water-soluble) phase of the milk?
a. Vitamin A
b. alpha-lactalbumin
c. Vitamin C
d. Sodium - ANSWER a. Vitamin A
The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the _____________.
a. myoepithelial cells
b. secretory vesicles
c. secretion cells
d. epithelial cells - ANSWER d. epithelial cells
How do oligosaccharides contribute to a human infant's health status?
a. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that destroy the outer cell wall of gram-positive
bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria
b. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that have potent cytolytic effects on intestinal
parasites, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast.
c. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that inhibit the binding of enteric and respiratory
microorganisms and their toxins to the epithelial cells in the infant's gut.
d. Oligosaccharides are proteins that bind to microorganisms and prevent them from
harming the body's tissues. - ANSWER c. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that
inhibit the binding of enteric and respiratory microorganisms and their toxins to the
epithelial cells in the infant's gut.
Jessica and James recently had a baby named Sarah who was born prematurely at 28
weeks of gestation. Sarah is being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit and is
being fed her mother's own milk. How is Jessica's milk specially tailored for Sarah's
nutritional needs during this time of prematurity?
a. There is no difference between Jessica's milk and milk from a mother who gave birth
to a baby at term.
b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than
milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
,c. The milk has higher levels of lactose and fat and lower calories than milk from a
mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
d. The milk has lower calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term
because premature infants do not require as dense a nutrient source as a term infant -
ANSWER b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and
calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
____________ is a protein in milk that binds iron and inhibits bacterial growth.
a. Lactoferrin
b. Lactose synthase
c. IgA
d. ethylene-diaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) - ANSWER a. Lactoferrin
Milk is produced and stored in the ______________.
a. stroma
b. alveoli
c. myoepithilial cells
d. areola - ANSWER b. alveoli
The onset of milk secretion is called _____________.
a. lactogenesis
b. involution
c. lactoferrin
d. mammogenesis - ANSWER a. lactogenesis
, (T/F) - Colostrum contains a higher concentration of immunoglobulins than most later
milk. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Most of the fat in milk is surrounded by a material that closely resembles cell
membrane. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - There is a greater abundance of whey proteins in cow's milk than casein proteins.
- ANSWER False
(T/F) - Cow's milk contains all of the essential amino acids. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Percent fat content of milk varies with species. - ANSWER True
(T/F) - Water is not a major component of milk. - ANSWER False
(T/F) - During lactation, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals are extracted
from the bloodstream by the mammary gland. - ANSWER True
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast
- ANSWER Progesterone
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
