PHSC 210 Exam 1 Ch 1-3 Questions &
Answers
Out of the 4,900 minerals known, only... - ANSWERS100 are common
What are the 5 mineral attributes? - ANSWERSNaked Indians Sometimes Catch Dragonflies
1. naturally occurring
2. inorganic (eg. coal/pearls are organic)
3. solids
4. crystalline
5. definite chemical formula
Atom - ANSWERSthe smallest particle of matter that cannot be split into simpler substances by
chemical processes (made of protons, neutrons {both in nucleus} and electrons {orbit nucleus})
Element - ANSWERSa material with characteristic physical and chemical properties that cannot
be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical processes
What is the top (bigger) number of an element in the periodic table? - ANSWERSThe atomic
mass (made of protons and neutrons)
What is the lower (smaller) number of an element in the periodic table? - ANSWERSThe atomic
number (proton number only)
Isotopes - ANSWERSatoms with varying numbers of neutrons (this changes the atomic mass)
, How do atoms form compounds? - ANSWERSby combining with other atoms
What do chemical bonds involve? - ANSWERSelectrons sharing/donating with each other.
Valence electrons control bonding
Octet rule - ANSWERSatoms will fill or empty their outermost valence shell
What are the 3 types of bonds? - ANSWERSionic, covalent and metallic
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWERSwhen atoms TRANSFER (donate/receive) electrons between
the atoms
What are cations? - ANSWERSpositive atoms
What are anions? - ANSWERSnegative atoms
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWERSwhen two or more electrons are SHARED between atoms
What is a metallic bond? - ANSWERSit allows for the movement and flow of electrons between
valence shells
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWERSweak positive/negative attractions between charged regions of
overall neutral molecules
What kind of molecule is water? - ANSWERSit is polar - it has a single positive and a single
negative side
Answers
Out of the 4,900 minerals known, only... - ANSWERS100 are common
What are the 5 mineral attributes? - ANSWERSNaked Indians Sometimes Catch Dragonflies
1. naturally occurring
2. inorganic (eg. coal/pearls are organic)
3. solids
4. crystalline
5. definite chemical formula
Atom - ANSWERSthe smallest particle of matter that cannot be split into simpler substances by
chemical processes (made of protons, neutrons {both in nucleus} and electrons {orbit nucleus})
Element - ANSWERSa material with characteristic physical and chemical properties that cannot
be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical processes
What is the top (bigger) number of an element in the periodic table? - ANSWERSThe atomic
mass (made of protons and neutrons)
What is the lower (smaller) number of an element in the periodic table? - ANSWERSThe atomic
number (proton number only)
Isotopes - ANSWERSatoms with varying numbers of neutrons (this changes the atomic mass)
, How do atoms form compounds? - ANSWERSby combining with other atoms
What do chemical bonds involve? - ANSWERSelectrons sharing/donating with each other.
Valence electrons control bonding
Octet rule - ANSWERSatoms will fill or empty their outermost valence shell
What are the 3 types of bonds? - ANSWERSionic, covalent and metallic
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWERSwhen atoms TRANSFER (donate/receive) electrons between
the atoms
What are cations? - ANSWERSpositive atoms
What are anions? - ANSWERSnegative atoms
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWERSwhen two or more electrons are SHARED between atoms
What is a metallic bond? - ANSWERSit allows for the movement and flow of electrons between
valence shells
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWERSweak positive/negative attractions between charged regions of
overall neutral molecules
What kind of molecule is water? - ANSWERSit is polar - it has a single positive and a single
negative side
