GSU Biology 1104 Final Exam Questions
and correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2025
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell
because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
2. Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for the human
body?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
,C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
D. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, the main source of
energy for cells.
3. What is the function of ribosomes?
A. DNA replication
B. Protein synthesis
C. Lipid storage
D. Waste removal
B. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins.
4. What type of cell division results in four non-identical haploid cells?
A. Mitosis
B. Binary fission
C. Budding
D. Meiosis
D. Meiosis
Rationale: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and creates genetic
variation.
,5. Which of the following is a component of the cell theory?
A. All cells contain mitochondria.
B. Cells arise from non-living materials.
C. All living things are made of cells.
D. Only plant cells are alive.
C. All living things are made of cells.
Rationale: This is one of the three tenets of the cell theory.
6. Which process describes water moving from high to low concentration across
a semipermeable membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across membranes.
7. In a food web, what role do decomposers play?
A. Produce energy
B. Consume only plants
C. Break down dead organisms
D. Hunt prey
, C. Break down dead organisms
Rationale: Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter.
8. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?
A. Fungi
B. Protista
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
C. Plantae
Rationale: Plants are multicellular and perform photosynthesis.
9. Natural selection is best described as:
A. The creation of species by humans
B. The inheritance of acquired traits
C. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals
D. The elimination of all mutations
C. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals
Rationale: Natural selection favors traits that increase survival and
reproduction.
10. Which biomolecule is made of amino acids?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
and correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2025
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell
because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
2. Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for the human
body?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
,C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
D. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, the main source of
energy for cells.
3. What is the function of ribosomes?
A. DNA replication
B. Protein synthesis
C. Lipid storage
D. Waste removal
B. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins.
4. What type of cell division results in four non-identical haploid cells?
A. Mitosis
B. Binary fission
C. Budding
D. Meiosis
D. Meiosis
Rationale: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and creates genetic
variation.
,5. Which of the following is a component of the cell theory?
A. All cells contain mitochondria.
B. Cells arise from non-living materials.
C. All living things are made of cells.
D. Only plant cells are alive.
C. All living things are made of cells.
Rationale: This is one of the three tenets of the cell theory.
6. Which process describes water moving from high to low concentration across
a semipermeable membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across membranes.
7. In a food web, what role do decomposers play?
A. Produce energy
B. Consume only plants
C. Break down dead organisms
D. Hunt prey
, C. Break down dead organisms
Rationale: Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter.
8. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?
A. Fungi
B. Protista
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
C. Plantae
Rationale: Plants are multicellular and perform photosynthesis.
9. Natural selection is best described as:
A. The creation of species by humans
B. The inheritance of acquired traits
C. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals
D. The elimination of all mutations
C. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals
Rationale: Natural selection favors traits that increase survival and
reproduction.
10. Which biomolecule is made of amino acids?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
