Bio 182 exam| with questions and answers|
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correct| 2025 latest update.
The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of
A) analogy
B) homology
C) digitality
D) convergence - ANSWER ✔✔ B) homology
Which of the following provides evidence that modern species have evolved from prior species?
A) the fossil record
B) the anatomical record
C) the molecular record
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above
An example of convergent evolution is:
A) Australian marsupials and placental mammals
B) The flippers in fish, penguins and dolphins
C) The wings in birds, bats and insects
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above
Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the process of natural selection?
A) Many of the variations among individuals in a population are heritable.
B) More offspring are produced than are able to survive and reproduce.
C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping that individual
to evolve.
D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment are likely to leave more offspring. -
ANSWER ✔✔ C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping
that individual to evolve.
In what type of environment would you expect dark colored moths to be common in the
population?
A) in an unpolluted forest
B) in a polluted forest
C) in a formerly polluted forest that has been cleaned up
D) none of the above; dark colored moths are never common - ANSWER ✔✔ B) in a polluted
forest
If pollution is cleaned up, what should happen to the moth population living in the woods?
A) color patterns shouldn't change
B) individual dark-colored moths should change to light-colored
C) individual light-colored moths should change to dark-colored
D) dark-colored moths should become more common in the population
,E) light-colored moths should become more common in the population - ANSWER ✔✔ E) light-
colored moths should become more common in the population
Human-caused changes in the environment can affect natural selection.
A) True
B) False - ANSWER ✔✔ A) True
Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?
A) different breeds of dogs
B) antibiotic resistant bacteria
C) dark peppered moths in polluted areas
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ A) different breeds of dogs
The remnants of pelvic and leg bones in a snake
A) are vestigial structures
B) are homologous structures
C) resulted from artificial selection
D) none of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ A) are vestigial structures
Which embryos have gill slits and a tail in the early stages of development?
A) Fish
B) Frog
C) Bird
D) Human
E) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ E) All of the above
Which statement relates to the evolution of disease-causing bacteria like TB?
A) If antibiotics aren't taken as prescribed, some bacteria can survive.
B) Bacteria evolve through the process of natural selection.
C) When antibiotics are widely used, bacteria with genes that make them resistant to antibiotics
increase in the population over time.
D) All of the above are true - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above are true
Which of the following ideas is commong to both Darwin's and Lamarck's theories of evolution?
A) adaptation results from differential reproductive success
B) evolution drives organisms to greater and greater complexity
C) evolutionary adaptation results from interactions between organisms and their environments
D) adaptation results from the use and disuse of anatomical structures - ANSWER ✔✔ C)
evolutionary adaptation results from interactions between organisms and their environments
Using the molecular record to determine evolutionary relationships is based on the assumption
that
A) DNA sequences do not change over time
B) DNA sequences change over time
,D) evolutionary changes occur in phenotypes (physical appearances) but not in genotypes (based
on DNA).
E) all mutations are harmful - ANSWER ✔✔ B) DNA sequences change over time
Which of the following statements related to natural selection is true?
A) Variations among individuals in a population are not heritable.
B) All offspring are equally likely to survive and reproduce.
C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping that individual
to evolve.
D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment are likely to leave more offspring.
E) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment
are likely to leave more offspring.
A theory in scientific terms is:
A) just a guess
B) a concept widely supported by experimental evidence
C) a proposed answer to a question which will be supported or rejected by experimental
evidence. - ANSWER ✔✔ B) a concept widely supported by experimental evidence
After World War II, DDT was regularly used to control insect pest populations. The use of DDT
kept the numbers of malaria-carrying mosquitoes low for a while, but resistant mosquitoes began
to appear quite quickly. Currently, most mosquito populations worldwide are DDT resistant.
This is an example of:
A) artificial selection
B) mutation
C) evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ C) evolution
Which of the following statements is false?
A) The direction of natural selection can change
B) Natural selection is a process without a planned outcome
C) A phenotype that is beneficial in one environment, may be detrimental in another
D) Natural selection operates at the level of individuals - ANSWER ✔✔ D) Natural selection
operates at the level of individuals
Which statement regarding fossils is false?
A) The age of fossils can be determined using radiometric dating
B) Fossils form easily under any environmental condition
C) The fossil record is incomplete because soft-bodied organisms don't readily fossilize
D) To form fossils, bones must mineralize and sediments must harden to rock - ANSWER ✔✔
B) Fossils form easily under any environmental condition
The smallest biological unit that can evolve over time is:
A) a cell
B) an individual organism
C) a population
D) a species
, E) an ecosystem - ANSWER ✔✔ C) a population
Darwin's famous book that described evolution by natural selection is called:
A) The HMS Beagle
B) On the Origin of Species
C) Galapagos Memories
D) None of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ B) On the Origin of Species
Even though sickle-cell anemia is usually fatal to homozygous individuals, the disease persists
because:
A) gene therapy has alleviated the condition
B) the disease is carried on a dominant allele
C) individuals with one allele for sickle-cell anemia are resistant to malaria
D) a combination of all of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ C) individuals with one allele for sickle-
cell anemia are resistant to malaria
Which of the following describes the founder effect?
A) Cheetahs lost much of their genetic diversity due to a drastic decrease in their population size.
B) A colony of 20 individuals move to a deserted island and start families.
C) A bear from the Catalina mountains joins the population of bears in the Rincon mountains.
D) Long-beaked hummingbirds prefer to breed with other long-beaked hummingbirds. -
ANSWER ✔✔ B) A colony of 20 individuals move to a deserted island and start families.
The random loss of alleles in a population is called
A) mutation
B) selection
C) genetic drift
D) electrophoresis
E) gene flow - ANSWER ✔✔ C) genetic drift
Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to gene flow between populations?
A) random mating
B) migration
C) mutation
D) genetic drift
E) inbreeding - ANSWER ✔✔ B) migration
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the frequency of the
A) dominant homozygote genotype
B) recessive homozygote genotype
C) dominant allele
D) recessive allele
E) heterozygote genotype - ANSWER ✔✔ E) heterozygote genotype
well-structured for revision| rated 100%
correct| 2025 latest update.
The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of
A) analogy
B) homology
C) digitality
D) convergence - ANSWER ✔✔ B) homology
Which of the following provides evidence that modern species have evolved from prior species?
A) the fossil record
B) the anatomical record
C) the molecular record
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above
An example of convergent evolution is:
A) Australian marsupials and placental mammals
B) The flippers in fish, penguins and dolphins
C) The wings in birds, bats and insects
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above
Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the process of natural selection?
A) Many of the variations among individuals in a population are heritable.
B) More offspring are produced than are able to survive and reproduce.
C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping that individual
to evolve.
D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment are likely to leave more offspring. -
ANSWER ✔✔ C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping
that individual to evolve.
In what type of environment would you expect dark colored moths to be common in the
population?
A) in an unpolluted forest
B) in a polluted forest
C) in a formerly polluted forest that has been cleaned up
D) none of the above; dark colored moths are never common - ANSWER ✔✔ B) in a polluted
forest
If pollution is cleaned up, what should happen to the moth population living in the woods?
A) color patterns shouldn't change
B) individual dark-colored moths should change to light-colored
C) individual light-colored moths should change to dark-colored
D) dark-colored moths should become more common in the population
,E) light-colored moths should become more common in the population - ANSWER ✔✔ E) light-
colored moths should become more common in the population
Human-caused changes in the environment can affect natural selection.
A) True
B) False - ANSWER ✔✔ A) True
Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?
A) different breeds of dogs
B) antibiotic resistant bacteria
C) dark peppered moths in polluted areas
D) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ A) different breeds of dogs
The remnants of pelvic and leg bones in a snake
A) are vestigial structures
B) are homologous structures
C) resulted from artificial selection
D) none of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ A) are vestigial structures
Which embryos have gill slits and a tail in the early stages of development?
A) Fish
B) Frog
C) Bird
D) Human
E) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ E) All of the above
Which statement relates to the evolution of disease-causing bacteria like TB?
A) If antibiotics aren't taken as prescribed, some bacteria can survive.
B) Bacteria evolve through the process of natural selection.
C) When antibiotics are widely used, bacteria with genes that make them resistant to antibiotics
increase in the population over time.
D) All of the above are true - ANSWER ✔✔ D) All of the above are true
Which of the following ideas is commong to both Darwin's and Lamarck's theories of evolution?
A) adaptation results from differential reproductive success
B) evolution drives organisms to greater and greater complexity
C) evolutionary adaptation results from interactions between organisms and their environments
D) adaptation results from the use and disuse of anatomical structures - ANSWER ✔✔ C)
evolutionary adaptation results from interactions between organisms and their environments
Using the molecular record to determine evolutionary relationships is based on the assumption
that
A) DNA sequences do not change over time
B) DNA sequences change over time
,D) evolutionary changes occur in phenotypes (physical appearances) but not in genotypes (based
on DNA).
E) all mutations are harmful - ANSWER ✔✔ B) DNA sequences change over time
Which of the following statements related to natural selection is true?
A) Variations among individuals in a population are not heritable.
B) All offspring are equally likely to survive and reproduce.
C) Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping that individual
to evolve.
D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment are likely to leave more offspring.
E) All of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ D) Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment
are likely to leave more offspring.
A theory in scientific terms is:
A) just a guess
B) a concept widely supported by experimental evidence
C) a proposed answer to a question which will be supported or rejected by experimental
evidence. - ANSWER ✔✔ B) a concept widely supported by experimental evidence
After World War II, DDT was regularly used to control insect pest populations. The use of DDT
kept the numbers of malaria-carrying mosquitoes low for a while, but resistant mosquitoes began
to appear quite quickly. Currently, most mosquito populations worldwide are DDT resistant.
This is an example of:
A) artificial selection
B) mutation
C) evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ C) evolution
Which of the following statements is false?
A) The direction of natural selection can change
B) Natural selection is a process without a planned outcome
C) A phenotype that is beneficial in one environment, may be detrimental in another
D) Natural selection operates at the level of individuals - ANSWER ✔✔ D) Natural selection
operates at the level of individuals
Which statement regarding fossils is false?
A) The age of fossils can be determined using radiometric dating
B) Fossils form easily under any environmental condition
C) The fossil record is incomplete because soft-bodied organisms don't readily fossilize
D) To form fossils, bones must mineralize and sediments must harden to rock - ANSWER ✔✔
B) Fossils form easily under any environmental condition
The smallest biological unit that can evolve over time is:
A) a cell
B) an individual organism
C) a population
D) a species
, E) an ecosystem - ANSWER ✔✔ C) a population
Darwin's famous book that described evolution by natural selection is called:
A) The HMS Beagle
B) On the Origin of Species
C) Galapagos Memories
D) None of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ B) On the Origin of Species
Even though sickle-cell anemia is usually fatal to homozygous individuals, the disease persists
because:
A) gene therapy has alleviated the condition
B) the disease is carried on a dominant allele
C) individuals with one allele for sickle-cell anemia are resistant to malaria
D) a combination of all of the above - ANSWER ✔✔ C) individuals with one allele for sickle-
cell anemia are resistant to malaria
Which of the following describes the founder effect?
A) Cheetahs lost much of their genetic diversity due to a drastic decrease in their population size.
B) A colony of 20 individuals move to a deserted island and start families.
C) A bear from the Catalina mountains joins the population of bears in the Rincon mountains.
D) Long-beaked hummingbirds prefer to breed with other long-beaked hummingbirds. -
ANSWER ✔✔ B) A colony of 20 individuals move to a deserted island and start families.
The random loss of alleles in a population is called
A) mutation
B) selection
C) genetic drift
D) electrophoresis
E) gene flow - ANSWER ✔✔ C) genetic drift
Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to gene flow between populations?
A) random mating
B) migration
C) mutation
D) genetic drift
E) inbreeding - ANSWER ✔✔ B) migration
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the frequency of the
A) dominant homozygote genotype
B) recessive homozygote genotype
C) dominant allele
D) recessive allele
E) heterozygote genotype - ANSWER ✔✔ E) heterozygote genotype
