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Q: What chordate characteristics do tunicates retain?
A: Tunicates lose almost all of their chordate characteristics. ✔✔
Q: How do lancelets relate to chordate characteristics?
A: Lancelets retain the key chordate characteristics. ✔✔
Q: What is the role of the neural crest in craniates?
A: In craniates, the neural crest is a group of embryonic cells that disperse through the body and
contribute to the formation of various structures, including teeth and bones of the skull. ✔✔
Q: What distinguishes hagfishes in terms of skeletal features?
A: Hagfishes are transitional animals that have a skull but lack jaws. ✔✔
Q: What is the lateral line system in gnathostomes?
A: It is a row of microscopic organs sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water. ✔✔
Q: What type of fins provide stabilization for sharks?
A: Dorsal fins provide stabilization for sharks. ✔✔
, Q: What are the dietary habits and movement style of sharks?
A: Most sharks are carnivores, but the largest are suspension feeders. They move by lateral
undulation. ✔✔
Q: How do rays, members of Chondrichthyes, move?
A: Rays move by vertical undulation. ✔✔
Q: What kind of fins do lobe-finned fishes have?
A: Lobe-finned fishes have jointed fins. ✔✔
Q: What respiratory organs do lungfishes possess?
A: Lungfishes have both gills and lungs. ✔✔
Q: What does it mean when a shark is oviparous?
A: Oviparous sharks encase their eggs in protective cases and lay them outside their body. ✔✔
Q: What does ovoviviparous mean in sharks?
A: Ovoviviparous sharks retain fertilized eggs in the oviduct. ✔✔
Q: What is characteristic of the Osteichthyes group?
A: Osteichthyes have an ossified skeleton with a hard matrix of calcium. ✔✔
Q: What is the most significant characteristic of tetrapods?
A: Tetrapods have four limbs; living members do not have pharyngeal gill slits. ✔✔
Q: What is notable about poisonous species of anurans?
A: Poisonous anurans are more likely to be brightly colored. ✔✔