CMN 568 Exam 2- Physical Exam #1 Questions And 100% Verified Solutions

CMN 568 Exam 2- Physical Exam #1 Questions And 100% Verified Solutions Asymmetric chest expansion - ANSWER - Unilateral volume loss (atelectasis / pleural effusion) - Unilateral airway obstruction - Asymmetry pulmonary / pleural fibrosis - Splinting from chest pain Tracheal deviation - ANSWER Mediastinum shift Dull percussion - ANSWER - Lung consolidation - Pleural effusion Hyperresonant percussion - ANSWER - Emphysema - Pneumothorax Bronchial lung sounds heard over periphery of lung - ANSWER Imply consolidation Globally diminished lung sounds - ANSWER Predictive of significant airflow obstruction Continuous adventitious breath sounds - ANSWER - Wheezes - Rhonchi Wheezes - ANSWER - High-pitched, musical, distinct whistle sound - Bronchospasm - Mucosal edema - Excessive secretions due to narrowed airway - Powerful indication of obstructive lung disease Rhonchi - ANSWER - Lower-pitched, snorous, gurgling quality of larger airways - Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapse from repetitive rupture of fluid films - clears after cough Discontinuous adventitious breath sounds - ANSWER Crackles (rales) Crackles - ANSWER Brief, discrete, non-mucosal sounds with popping quality Fine crackles - ANSWER - Soft, high-pitched, crisp - Associated w/interstitial dx or early pulmonary edema Fine- late inspiratory crackles - ANSWER Pulmonary fibrosis Course crackles - ANSWER - Louder, lower-pitched, slight longer duration than fine - Associated w/pneumonia, obstructive lung dx, late pulmonary edema Early coarse crackles - ANSWER Pneumonia or HF Normal, quiet breathing - ANSWER - Primary muscle of respirations id the diaphragm - Minimal movement of chest wall - Symmetrical chest expansion Normal diagram movement (adult) - ANSWER Diaphragm contracts and pushes abdominal contents down and the chest/abdominal wall expand simultaneously Normal lung sounds heard over periphery - ANSWER Vesicular sounds Vesicular sounds - ANSWER - Gentle, rustling heard throughout inspiration - Fades in expiration Normal lung sounds heard over suprasternal notch: - ANSWER Tracheal or bronchial sounds Tracheal or bronchial sounds - ANSWER - Louder, higher- pitched, hollow quality - Louder on expiration Spirometry - ANSWER - Good for evaluating suspected respiratory diseases by measuring lung volumes to assess presence or severity of obstructive / restrictive pulmonary dysfunction - Expressed in (FEV) and (FVC) FEV (forced expiratory volume) - ANSWER Measures how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath FEV1 - ANSWER Amount of air exhaled during 1st forced breath FVC (forced vital capacity) - ANSWER Total amnt of air exhaled during the entire FEV test Obstructive dysfunction (decreased FEV1/FVC ratio) - ANSWER Reduced airflow rates seen in asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, upper airway obstruction, CF If obstruction is evident ( decreased FEV1/FVC) - ANSWER - Repeat spirometry 10-20 mins after inhaled bronchodilator to help assess if dx is reversible