NEURO SIDE HEAD AND BODY-
6 Premotor Control the action Unilateral
of trunk and Neglect -
Cortex
proximal limb mm unaware that
their own body
belongs to them
8 Supplementar Motor Planning Apraxia - can’t
Region - store remember how to
y Motor Area
motor memories perform normal
(SMA) motor task
Voluntary
Frontal Eye movement of the
Field eye
9,10,11,12; Prefrontal Area 11 & 47 (Area 11 & 47)
(Orbitofrontal Prefrontal
45,46,47 Cortex
Cortex) Syndrome -
- Impulse control, Cannot make
inhibition of realistic plans or
carry out the
BRAIN SPINAL CORD appropriate
plans, trouble
behavior, and
with focus,
carrying organization.
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem White Matter Gray Matter out plans
(Area 45 & 46)
Largest ➤Cerebellar Consists of Consists of Area 45 & 46
➤Midbrain or Disordered
subdivision Cortex nerve fibers nerve cells (Dorsolateral
Mesencephalon thinking and
(80%) ➤Cerebellar ➤ Dorsal
➤Telencephalon Nuclei ➤ Pons
Columns
Frontal Cortex) behavior;
➤Diencephalon
➤ Medulla
➤ Lateral -Analytical disorganized and
Oblongata Columns thinking, problem easily distracted
➤ Anterior solving and
Columns planning
FUNCTION OF BRAIN 44 Broca’s Area Motor aspects of (Area 44)
★ Perceiving and interpreting sensations speech Difficulty in word
articulation
★ Generating movements
★ Understanding and producing language
★ Feeling and understanding emotions
★ Executive Functions 3,1,2 Primary Somatosensory-
Sensory Perceive
○ Thinking sensations
Cortex
○ Planning
○ Organizing
5,7 Somatosensor Interpretation of Disorders of body
○ Problem Solving y Association somatosensory image, including
★ Controlling basic body functions information; Anorexia
Area Nervosa and
★ Creating and storing memories Unilateral
Neglect
FUNCTION OF SPINAL CORD
Neurons that connect the brain’s movement centers
17 Striate Cortex - Processing of One side - Loss of
to the peripheral nerves are known as UPPER MOTOR NEURONS Primary visual Visual stimuli vision in the
opposite visual
(UMN) (found in Cerebral Cortex and Brainstem) Cortex field -
● Control the activity of LMN Hemianopsia
● Convey signals for voluntary movement
Bilateral -
FUNCTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES Blindness
Peripheral Nerves - Communicate with muscles ,skin and
subcutaneous tissues. 18,19 Extrastriate - Visual Agnosia -
can see but
★ Cranial Nerves Visual
unable to
○ From brain
Association recognize object
Cortex by sight
★ Spinal Nerves
○ From spinal cord
41 Primary Processing of
Motor neurons located in the peripheral nerves are known as Auditory stimuli
Auditory
LOWER MOTOR NEURONS (LMN) Cortex
● Innervate target muscles
● Responsible for the voluntary movement of muscles 42 Associative
LOBES Auditory
Cortex
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal 22 Wernicke’s Language
Area Comprehension
➤Occupies the ➤ Occupies the ➤ Located at the ➤ Located on
area anterior to area posterior to back of the the lateral 28 Primary Perceive Odors Anosmia - loss of
sense of smell
the central the central brain, beneath aspect of the Olfactory
sulcus and sulcus and the occipital brain, just above Cortex Olfactory
superior superior to the bone the ears Hallucinations -
to the lateral lateral sulcus; ➤Occupies the smell things that
sulcus. ➤ Perception area inferior to are not actually
➤ Control and processing the lateral sulcus present
Voluntary of sensation
Movement
➤ Thinking / Amygdala ➤Part of the
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Problem Solving
➤Involved in
strong negative
emotions
BRODMANN’S AREA
, CRANIAL NERVES
# NAME COMPONENT FUNCTION
I Olfactory Se- Afferent Smell
II Optic Se- Afferent Vision
III Oculomotor Mo- Efferent Eye Movement -
Up/Down
IV Trochlear Mo- Efferent Eye Movement - Inward
● Cremasteric Reflex (T12-L1)
rotation
○ Stroke inner aspect of the thigh
V Trigeminal Mixed Sensory- Face ■ Response: Scrotum will elevate
Motor- Mastication
VI Abducens Mo- Efferent Eye Movement -
Outward rotation
VII Facial Mixed Sensory- Taste ant.
Tongue
Motor- Facial Expression
VIII Vestibulocochlear Se- Afferent Hearing and Balance
● Normal Plantar Reflex/Babinski (S1-S2)
IX Glossopharyngeal Mixed Sensory- Taste post. ○ Stroke stimulus in the lateral of the sole
Tongue
Motor- Salivation
X Vagus Mixed Sensory- Thoracic and
Abdominal
Motor- MM Larynx and
Pharynx , GI
XI Accessory Mo- Efferent Head movement
XII Hypoglossal Mo- Efferent Tongue movement and
shape ● Deep Tendon Reflex
○ Assess the integrity of the motor system
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Spinal Cord Injury
● Injury in spinal cord
● Insult into the SC that alters sensory, motor and
autonomic function below the lesion.
○ Ex. C5 is physically affected then C6 below
is affected in SC
● Common on Male than Female
SPINAL SHOCK/ NEUROLOGICAL SHOCK
24hrs to 48hrs shutdown of spinal
nerves/sensation or may last up to 3 months a.
● Initial Flaccid
○ Loss of sensation (L4-L5) TYPES UNDER EPIDEMIOLOGY
○ Loss of motor ★ Non traumatic
○ No mm tone ○ Secondary to different disease
○ No Reflex activity below the level
Infection B12 Def Vascular Tumor RA in
SENSATION IN SCI Occlusion Compression Spine
● Peri Anal (S4-S5)
➤Syphilis progressive reduced ➤Pedia
○ Insert the finger in anus degenerati blood flow
➤Potts ➤Down
○ Ask the pt. to contract or squeeze the on of the on the Syndrome
spinal cord spinal cord
finger
★ Traumatic
○ External force is present
○ Mean Age: 19 yrs old
○ Common Age: 16-30 yrs old
○ Common Season: Weekends (Friday and
Saturday) and Summer
● Bulbocavernosus Reflex (S2-S4)
○ Stimulus 1: Jaggling of catheter
6 Premotor Control the action Unilateral
of trunk and Neglect -
Cortex
proximal limb mm unaware that
their own body
belongs to them
8 Supplementar Motor Planning Apraxia - can’t
Region - store remember how to
y Motor Area
motor memories perform normal
(SMA) motor task
Voluntary
Frontal Eye movement of the
Field eye
9,10,11,12; Prefrontal Area 11 & 47 (Area 11 & 47)
(Orbitofrontal Prefrontal
45,46,47 Cortex
Cortex) Syndrome -
- Impulse control, Cannot make
inhibition of realistic plans or
carry out the
BRAIN SPINAL CORD appropriate
plans, trouble
behavior, and
with focus,
carrying organization.
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem White Matter Gray Matter out plans
(Area 45 & 46)
Largest ➤Cerebellar Consists of Consists of Area 45 & 46
➤Midbrain or Disordered
subdivision Cortex nerve fibers nerve cells (Dorsolateral
Mesencephalon thinking and
(80%) ➤Cerebellar ➤ Dorsal
➤Telencephalon Nuclei ➤ Pons
Columns
Frontal Cortex) behavior;
➤Diencephalon
➤ Medulla
➤ Lateral -Analytical disorganized and
Oblongata Columns thinking, problem easily distracted
➤ Anterior solving and
Columns planning
FUNCTION OF BRAIN 44 Broca’s Area Motor aspects of (Area 44)
★ Perceiving and interpreting sensations speech Difficulty in word
articulation
★ Generating movements
★ Understanding and producing language
★ Feeling and understanding emotions
★ Executive Functions 3,1,2 Primary Somatosensory-
Sensory Perceive
○ Thinking sensations
Cortex
○ Planning
○ Organizing
5,7 Somatosensor Interpretation of Disorders of body
○ Problem Solving y Association somatosensory image, including
★ Controlling basic body functions information; Anorexia
Area Nervosa and
★ Creating and storing memories Unilateral
Neglect
FUNCTION OF SPINAL CORD
Neurons that connect the brain’s movement centers
17 Striate Cortex - Processing of One side - Loss of
to the peripheral nerves are known as UPPER MOTOR NEURONS Primary visual Visual stimuli vision in the
opposite visual
(UMN) (found in Cerebral Cortex and Brainstem) Cortex field -
● Control the activity of LMN Hemianopsia
● Convey signals for voluntary movement
Bilateral -
FUNCTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES Blindness
Peripheral Nerves - Communicate with muscles ,skin and
subcutaneous tissues. 18,19 Extrastriate - Visual Agnosia -
can see but
★ Cranial Nerves Visual
unable to
○ From brain
Association recognize object
Cortex by sight
★ Spinal Nerves
○ From spinal cord
41 Primary Processing of
Motor neurons located in the peripheral nerves are known as Auditory stimuli
Auditory
LOWER MOTOR NEURONS (LMN) Cortex
● Innervate target muscles
● Responsible for the voluntary movement of muscles 42 Associative
LOBES Auditory
Cortex
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal 22 Wernicke’s Language
Area Comprehension
➤Occupies the ➤ Occupies the ➤ Located at the ➤ Located on
area anterior to area posterior to back of the the lateral 28 Primary Perceive Odors Anosmia - loss of
sense of smell
the central the central brain, beneath aspect of the Olfactory
sulcus and sulcus and the occipital brain, just above Cortex Olfactory
superior superior to the bone the ears Hallucinations -
to the lateral lateral sulcus; ➤Occupies the smell things that
sulcus. ➤ Perception area inferior to are not actually
➤ Control and processing the lateral sulcus present
Voluntary of sensation
Movement
➤ Thinking / Amygdala ➤Part of the
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Problem Solving
➤Involved in
strong negative
emotions
BRODMANN’S AREA
, CRANIAL NERVES
# NAME COMPONENT FUNCTION
I Olfactory Se- Afferent Smell
II Optic Se- Afferent Vision
III Oculomotor Mo- Efferent Eye Movement -
Up/Down
IV Trochlear Mo- Efferent Eye Movement - Inward
● Cremasteric Reflex (T12-L1)
rotation
○ Stroke inner aspect of the thigh
V Trigeminal Mixed Sensory- Face ■ Response: Scrotum will elevate
Motor- Mastication
VI Abducens Mo- Efferent Eye Movement -
Outward rotation
VII Facial Mixed Sensory- Taste ant.
Tongue
Motor- Facial Expression
VIII Vestibulocochlear Se- Afferent Hearing and Balance
● Normal Plantar Reflex/Babinski (S1-S2)
IX Glossopharyngeal Mixed Sensory- Taste post. ○ Stroke stimulus in the lateral of the sole
Tongue
Motor- Salivation
X Vagus Mixed Sensory- Thoracic and
Abdominal
Motor- MM Larynx and
Pharynx , GI
XI Accessory Mo- Efferent Head movement
XII Hypoglossal Mo- Efferent Tongue movement and
shape ● Deep Tendon Reflex
○ Assess the integrity of the motor system
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Spinal Cord Injury
● Injury in spinal cord
● Insult into the SC that alters sensory, motor and
autonomic function below the lesion.
○ Ex. C5 is physically affected then C6 below
is affected in SC
● Common on Male than Female
SPINAL SHOCK/ NEUROLOGICAL SHOCK
24hrs to 48hrs shutdown of spinal
nerves/sensation or may last up to 3 months a.
● Initial Flaccid
○ Loss of sensation (L4-L5) TYPES UNDER EPIDEMIOLOGY
○ Loss of motor ★ Non traumatic
○ No mm tone ○ Secondary to different disease
○ No Reflex activity below the level
Infection B12 Def Vascular Tumor RA in
SENSATION IN SCI Occlusion Compression Spine
● Peri Anal (S4-S5)
➤Syphilis progressive reduced ➤Pedia
○ Insert the finger in anus degenerati blood flow
➤Potts ➤Down
○ Ask the pt. to contract or squeeze the on of the on the Syndrome
spinal cord spinal cord
finger
★ Traumatic
○ External force is present
○ Mean Age: 19 yrs old
○ Common Age: 16-30 yrs old
○ Common Season: Weekends (Friday and
Saturday) and Summer
● Bulbocavernosus Reflex (S2-S4)
○ Stimulus 1: Jaggling of catheter
