Oxford Cambridge and RSA
End Term Exam
NUSCTX 10 Midterm Exam – 100% Verified
Q&A for Success
Time allowed:
F
* J 2 5 7 0 1 *
Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.
Centre number Candidate number
First name(s)
INSTRUCTIONS
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the
lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be given
for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025/26 [EXAM/T/YD]) 6895596/3
Turn over
,digestive problems - ✔✔ulcers - not enough mucus to protect
heartburn - acid comes back up
gallstones - fat can't be emulsified because of a buildup of bile salts
celiac - ✔✔gluten intolerance, no wheat/rye/barley
hepatic portal circulation - ✔✔directs blood from the stomach/GI tract to the liver
how we get all the nutrients we absorbed sent out to the rest of the body via the liver
catabolic reaction - ✔✔release energy used to drive chemical reactions
enzymatic reactions - ✔✔conversion of one molecule into another
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine triphosphate - "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer
oxidative metabolism - ✔✔A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Also called aerobic metabolism, aerobic respiration, and cell respiration.
calor - ✔✔mass * velocity (there exists a mechanical equivalent of heat, or a caloric equivalent of heat)
direct calorimetry - ✔✔(1) burn food
(2) measure heat given off - recall that 1kcal = increase of 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius
indirect calorimetry - ✔✔the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide expelled
surface law - ✔✔the metabolic rate (heat production per unit time) of an animal is proportional to their surface area
gross energy - ✔✔
, metabolizable energy - ✔✔
turnover - ✔✔
constant heat sums - ✔✔
hormone - ✔✔a regulatory substance produced in an organism
adaptive thermogenesis - ✔✔energy out:
- heat production, shivering
- excess heat from overeating
- adaption to trauma, stress
- very different for different people
- not usually included in energy calculations
weight to the (3/4) power - ✔✔metabolic rate is proportional to the weight to the (3/4) power
gradient - ✔✔steepness / direction
concentration gradient - ✔✔particles (called solutes) move from an area of *higher* numbers of particles to an area of
*lower* numbers of particles. these areas are typically separated by a membrane.
reduction and oxidation - ✔✔oxidation: -electrons, +oxygen, or -hydrogen
reduction: +electrons, -oxygen, or +hydrogen
OIL RIG (oxygen is loss, reduction is gain)
factors that affect basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition,
fever, hormones (thyroxin), sleep
energy balance - ✔✔energy in - energy out
(food you eat) - (expenditures)
End Term Exam
NUSCTX 10 Midterm Exam – 100% Verified
Q&A for Success
Time allowed:
F
* J 2 5 7 0 1 *
Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.
Centre number Candidate number
First name(s)
INSTRUCTIONS
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the
lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be given
for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025/26 [EXAM/T/YD]) 6895596/3
Turn over
,digestive problems - ✔✔ulcers - not enough mucus to protect
heartburn - acid comes back up
gallstones - fat can't be emulsified because of a buildup of bile salts
celiac - ✔✔gluten intolerance, no wheat/rye/barley
hepatic portal circulation - ✔✔directs blood from the stomach/GI tract to the liver
how we get all the nutrients we absorbed sent out to the rest of the body via the liver
catabolic reaction - ✔✔release energy used to drive chemical reactions
enzymatic reactions - ✔✔conversion of one molecule into another
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine triphosphate - "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer
oxidative metabolism - ✔✔A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Also called aerobic metabolism, aerobic respiration, and cell respiration.
calor - ✔✔mass * velocity (there exists a mechanical equivalent of heat, or a caloric equivalent of heat)
direct calorimetry - ✔✔(1) burn food
(2) measure heat given off - recall that 1kcal = increase of 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius
indirect calorimetry - ✔✔the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide expelled
surface law - ✔✔the metabolic rate (heat production per unit time) of an animal is proportional to their surface area
gross energy - ✔✔
, metabolizable energy - ✔✔
turnover - ✔✔
constant heat sums - ✔✔
hormone - ✔✔a regulatory substance produced in an organism
adaptive thermogenesis - ✔✔energy out:
- heat production, shivering
- excess heat from overeating
- adaption to trauma, stress
- very different for different people
- not usually included in energy calculations
weight to the (3/4) power - ✔✔metabolic rate is proportional to the weight to the (3/4) power
gradient - ✔✔steepness / direction
concentration gradient - ✔✔particles (called solutes) move from an area of *higher* numbers of particles to an area of
*lower* numbers of particles. these areas are typically separated by a membrane.
reduction and oxidation - ✔✔oxidation: -electrons, +oxygen, or -hydrogen
reduction: +electrons, -oxygen, or +hydrogen
OIL RIG (oxygen is loss, reduction is gain)
factors that affect basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition,
fever, hormones (thyroxin), sleep
energy balance - ✔✔energy in - energy out
(food you eat) - (expenditures)
