Bio 182 L Midterm study guide| With Well-
Illustrated Questions And 100% Correct
Answers| Approved By Expert| Newly
Updated 2025.
Calculation of total magnification - ANSWER ✔✔ objective lense and compound lens
4x10 = 40 total
Know how to calculate total magnification - ANSWER ✔✔ lower power lense times the high
power lense
Know parts and functions of compound light microscope and stereoscope (dissecting) -
ANSWER ✔✔ lense, arm, stage, diaphragm, light source, high power lense, fine focus, coarse
focus
Know how to determine the diameter and area of the field of view (FOV) - ANSWER ✔✔
𝐷_𝐻/𝐷_𝐿 =𝑋_𝐿/𝑋_𝐻 = FOV
Diameter of the organism
Know the 5 conditions that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur - ANSWER
✔✔ No mutations.
Random mating.
No natural selection.
Extremely large population size.
No gene flow.
Know the 3 most common mechanisms of evolutionary change - ANSWER ✔✔ Migration,
mutation, genetic drift
Know the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1) - ANSWER ✔✔ p = frequency of BB
genotypes + ½ frequency of Bb genotypes
Q = frequency of bb genotypes + ½ frequency of Bb genotypes
Understand why so many beads were used - ANSWER ✔✔ The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
requires extremely large population size
Know why the beads were returned to the container after they were selected - ANSWER ✔✔
This was in order to not change the possibility of having a different sample size
Understand why the population of "rice grains" changed over time - ANSWER ✔✔ The natural
selection had more adapt species having an increased population
, Know what an extremophile and be able to give examples of different types - ANSWER ✔✔
Halophile- like salt
Thermophile- extreme heat
Methanopile- like methane environment
Understand how the structure of the bacterial cell wall influences staining characteristics -
ANSWER ✔✔ Gram negative cell does not accept the stain int ot he membrane due to the outer
cell wall.
Gram positive cell wall have an outer peptidoglycan cell membrane accept the first stail
Know the different bacterial shapes - ANSWER ✔✔ cocci, bacillus, spiral
Paramecium slide and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ cilia, oblong and multiple vacuoles
Diatom slide and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ multiple flagella, smooth and long flagella
Silicon structure for strong outside
Radiolarian and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ pseudopodia that radiates from inside inside
with geometrical shapes
Volvox and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ daughter cells in a circular formation
Euglena and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ long flagella, light detecter next to the flagella
Vorticella and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ upside down bell with a long string on one end
Know terminology: plasmogamy - ANSWER ✔✔ fusion of the cytoplasmic membrane
Dikaryon - ANSWER ✔✔ two nucleus in the cell membrane
Karyogamy - ANSWER ✔✔ fusion of the nucleus in a bacteria
Crustose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ encrusting onto the organism
Foliose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ leaf like lichen
Frusticose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ shrub like lichen
Chytridiomycota - ANSWER ✔✔ Chytrid- flagellated sporese
Zygomycota - ANSWER ✔✔ hyphae- think black bread mold
Glomeromycota - ANSWER ✔✔ zygomycotes with a arbuscular mycorrhizae
Illustrated Questions And 100% Correct
Answers| Approved By Expert| Newly
Updated 2025.
Calculation of total magnification - ANSWER ✔✔ objective lense and compound lens
4x10 = 40 total
Know how to calculate total magnification - ANSWER ✔✔ lower power lense times the high
power lense
Know parts and functions of compound light microscope and stereoscope (dissecting) -
ANSWER ✔✔ lense, arm, stage, diaphragm, light source, high power lense, fine focus, coarse
focus
Know how to determine the diameter and area of the field of view (FOV) - ANSWER ✔✔
𝐷_𝐻/𝐷_𝐿 =𝑋_𝐿/𝑋_𝐻 = FOV
Diameter of the organism
Know the 5 conditions that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur - ANSWER
✔✔ No mutations.
Random mating.
No natural selection.
Extremely large population size.
No gene flow.
Know the 3 most common mechanisms of evolutionary change - ANSWER ✔✔ Migration,
mutation, genetic drift
Know the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1) - ANSWER ✔✔ p = frequency of BB
genotypes + ½ frequency of Bb genotypes
Q = frequency of bb genotypes + ½ frequency of Bb genotypes
Understand why so many beads were used - ANSWER ✔✔ The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
requires extremely large population size
Know why the beads were returned to the container after they were selected - ANSWER ✔✔
This was in order to not change the possibility of having a different sample size
Understand why the population of "rice grains" changed over time - ANSWER ✔✔ The natural
selection had more adapt species having an increased population
, Know what an extremophile and be able to give examples of different types - ANSWER ✔✔
Halophile- like salt
Thermophile- extreme heat
Methanopile- like methane environment
Understand how the structure of the bacterial cell wall influences staining characteristics -
ANSWER ✔✔ Gram negative cell does not accept the stain int ot he membrane due to the outer
cell wall.
Gram positive cell wall have an outer peptidoglycan cell membrane accept the first stail
Know the different bacterial shapes - ANSWER ✔✔ cocci, bacillus, spiral
Paramecium slide and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ cilia, oblong and multiple vacuoles
Diatom slide and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ multiple flagella, smooth and long flagella
Silicon structure for strong outside
Radiolarian and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ pseudopodia that radiates from inside inside
with geometrical shapes
Volvox and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ daughter cells in a circular formation
Euglena and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ long flagella, light detecter next to the flagella
Vorticella and characteristics - ANSWER ✔✔ upside down bell with a long string on one end
Know terminology: plasmogamy - ANSWER ✔✔ fusion of the cytoplasmic membrane
Dikaryon - ANSWER ✔✔ two nucleus in the cell membrane
Karyogamy - ANSWER ✔✔ fusion of the nucleus in a bacteria
Crustose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ encrusting onto the organism
Foliose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ leaf like lichen
Frusticose lichen - ANSWER ✔✔ shrub like lichen
Chytridiomycota - ANSWER ✔✔ Chytrid- flagellated sporese
Zygomycota - ANSWER ✔✔ hyphae- think black bread mold
Glomeromycota - ANSWER ✔✔ zygomycotes with a arbuscular mycorrhizae
