Pharmacology in Rehabilitation exam questions and answers fully solved
FDA oversees - Answers-drug testing
-drug approval process
-drug classification (Rx vs OTC)
pharmacokinetics - Answerswhat the body does to the drug
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
enteral - Answersroutes of administration: oral, sublingual, rectal
-simple to administer
-less predictable absorption bc of GI tract
parenteral - Answersroutes of administration: injection, inhalation, topical, transdermal
-more difficult to administer
-more predictable absorption
-administration route
-chemical prosperities of drug
-various barriers and carriers - Answersabsorption/distribution affected by...
blood-brain barrier - Answersprotective sheath around CNS to protect brain from blood born
illness/infection
-fat (adipose tissue primary site)**
-muscle
-bone
-liver
-kidneys - Answersprimary storage site for drugs
,-local tissue damage at drug stored site
-prevents drug from reaching target tissue
-redistribution to other non-target tissues - Answersprimary problems with drug storage
metabolism elimination - Answersdrug changed to inactivate or less active metabolite
liver - Answersprimary site for metabolism elimination
excretion elimination - Answersdrug excreted from body
kidneys - Answersprimary site for excretion elimination
-disease
-age
-gender
-genetics
-body composition
-diet
-other chemicals
-physical factors
-exercise - Answersfactors affecting normal pharmacokinetics
-heat
-exercise
-massage - Answerseffects of absorption/distribution: increased by
cold - Answerseffects of absorption/distribution: decreased by
-blood delivered away from the GI tract to activate muscles
-decrease absorption of drug in GI tract
-increase removal of drug (excretion)
-decreases therapeutic efficiency of drug - Answershow does exercise affect absorption of drug
-increases cardiac output
-increase blood flow to target tissue
,-increases distribution of drug to target tissue
-increases effect of drug - Answershow does exercise affect distribution of drug
-decreases blood flow to liver
-decreases metabolism of drug
-increases blood levels of drug
-increases bioavailability of drug, more side effects - Answershow does exercise affect
metabolism of drug
-decreases blood flow to kidneys
-decreases excretion of drug
-increases blood level of drug
-increases efficiency of drug, more side effects - Answershow does exercise affect excretion of
drug
pharmacodynamics - Answerswhat a drug does to the body
the drug binding to its target - Answersthe body's response to the drug depends on
concentration of drug - Answerswhat influences a drugs effect?
genetic mutations - Answerswhat can alter how the drug works in the body?
drug-drug interactions - Answersresult in competition for receptor binding sites or alter post-
receptor response
tolerance - Answersneed more drug to achieve same effect
physical dependence - Answersonset of withdrawal symptoms if drug is suddenly stopped
addiction - Answersuser has uncontrollable or overwhelming need to use a drug, and this
compulsion is long-lasting and can return unexpectedly after a period of improvement
-more adverse reactions
-more drug interactions
-compliance issues (finance, cognitive) - Answersaltered responses to drugs
changes at cellular level - Answersaltered pharmacodynamics
-drug receptor binding
, -transmembrane coupling/signal
-intracelluar biochemistry
changes at systemic level - Answersaltered pharmacodynamics
-decline in orthostatic circulatory response
-cognitive function
-posture/balance
-muscle strength/endurance
-diuretics can cause hypokalemia and predispose to digitalis toxicity
-digitalis inhibits Na-K pump keeping intracellular K+ low
-decreased K+ within cells makes depolarization difficult
-nerve conduction/muscle contraction may be impaired - Answersdiuretics-digitalis interactions
-cold meds that contain phenylephrine may cause hypertensive crisis
-antidepressants prevent reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) at nerve terminals
-enhance heart rate, cardiac contraction, vasoconstriction - Answersantidepressants- cold
medication interactions
-acute alcohol consumption enhances blood thinners (Warfarin) availability increasing risk for
hemorrhage
-chronic alcohol consumption reduces Warfarin's availability lessening the protection from
blood clotting disorders - Answersalcohol-anticoagulant interactions
oppose the effects - Answersfoods containing high vitamin K (dried basil, green leafy vegetables,
broccoli) do what do Warfarin
-alcohol increases sedative effects of antidepressants, impairing mental skills required for
functions
-acute alcohol consumption increases availability of antidepressants, increasing sedative effects
- Answersalcohol-antidepressant interactions
-acute alcohol consumption interacts with some drugs such as nitroglycerine (angina),
Reserpine (HTN) or Methyldopa (HTN) to cause orthostatic hypotension
FDA oversees - Answers-drug testing
-drug approval process
-drug classification (Rx vs OTC)
pharmacokinetics - Answerswhat the body does to the drug
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
enteral - Answersroutes of administration: oral, sublingual, rectal
-simple to administer
-less predictable absorption bc of GI tract
parenteral - Answersroutes of administration: injection, inhalation, topical, transdermal
-more difficult to administer
-more predictable absorption
-administration route
-chemical prosperities of drug
-various barriers and carriers - Answersabsorption/distribution affected by...
blood-brain barrier - Answersprotective sheath around CNS to protect brain from blood born
illness/infection
-fat (adipose tissue primary site)**
-muscle
-bone
-liver
-kidneys - Answersprimary storage site for drugs
,-local tissue damage at drug stored site
-prevents drug from reaching target tissue
-redistribution to other non-target tissues - Answersprimary problems with drug storage
metabolism elimination - Answersdrug changed to inactivate or less active metabolite
liver - Answersprimary site for metabolism elimination
excretion elimination - Answersdrug excreted from body
kidneys - Answersprimary site for excretion elimination
-disease
-age
-gender
-genetics
-body composition
-diet
-other chemicals
-physical factors
-exercise - Answersfactors affecting normal pharmacokinetics
-heat
-exercise
-massage - Answerseffects of absorption/distribution: increased by
cold - Answerseffects of absorption/distribution: decreased by
-blood delivered away from the GI tract to activate muscles
-decrease absorption of drug in GI tract
-increase removal of drug (excretion)
-decreases therapeutic efficiency of drug - Answershow does exercise affect absorption of drug
-increases cardiac output
-increase blood flow to target tissue
,-increases distribution of drug to target tissue
-increases effect of drug - Answershow does exercise affect distribution of drug
-decreases blood flow to liver
-decreases metabolism of drug
-increases blood levels of drug
-increases bioavailability of drug, more side effects - Answershow does exercise affect
metabolism of drug
-decreases blood flow to kidneys
-decreases excretion of drug
-increases blood level of drug
-increases efficiency of drug, more side effects - Answershow does exercise affect excretion of
drug
pharmacodynamics - Answerswhat a drug does to the body
the drug binding to its target - Answersthe body's response to the drug depends on
concentration of drug - Answerswhat influences a drugs effect?
genetic mutations - Answerswhat can alter how the drug works in the body?
drug-drug interactions - Answersresult in competition for receptor binding sites or alter post-
receptor response
tolerance - Answersneed more drug to achieve same effect
physical dependence - Answersonset of withdrawal symptoms if drug is suddenly stopped
addiction - Answersuser has uncontrollable or overwhelming need to use a drug, and this
compulsion is long-lasting and can return unexpectedly after a period of improvement
-more adverse reactions
-more drug interactions
-compliance issues (finance, cognitive) - Answersaltered responses to drugs
changes at cellular level - Answersaltered pharmacodynamics
-drug receptor binding
, -transmembrane coupling/signal
-intracelluar biochemistry
changes at systemic level - Answersaltered pharmacodynamics
-decline in orthostatic circulatory response
-cognitive function
-posture/balance
-muscle strength/endurance
-diuretics can cause hypokalemia and predispose to digitalis toxicity
-digitalis inhibits Na-K pump keeping intracellular K+ low
-decreased K+ within cells makes depolarization difficult
-nerve conduction/muscle contraction may be impaired - Answersdiuretics-digitalis interactions
-cold meds that contain phenylephrine may cause hypertensive crisis
-antidepressants prevent reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) at nerve terminals
-enhance heart rate, cardiac contraction, vasoconstriction - Answersantidepressants- cold
medication interactions
-acute alcohol consumption enhances blood thinners (Warfarin) availability increasing risk for
hemorrhage
-chronic alcohol consumption reduces Warfarin's availability lessening the protection from
blood clotting disorders - Answersalcohol-anticoagulant interactions
oppose the effects - Answersfoods containing high vitamin K (dried basil, green leafy vegetables,
broccoli) do what do Warfarin
-alcohol increases sedative effects of antidepressants, impairing mental skills required for
functions
-acute alcohol consumption increases availability of antidepressants, increasing sedative effects
- Answersalcohol-antidepressant interactions
-acute alcohol consumption interacts with some drugs such as nitroglycerine (angina),
Reserpine (HTN) or Methyldopa (HTN) to cause orthostatic hypotension
