INDICATORS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ARGUMENT ANALYSIS 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

INDICATORS AND TECHNIQUES
FOR ARGUMENT ANALYSIS 2025
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
therefore - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g.,
Meditation reduces stress, therefore employees are productive (Ch. 2).

thus - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., Data shows
recycling works, thus it's effective (Ch. 5).

hence - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., New turbines
are reliable, hence wind energy is viable (Ch. 5).

so - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., Yoga reduces
stress, so employees are healthier (Ch. 2).

consequently - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g.,
Policy bans bags, consequently litter decreases (Ch. 7).

it follows that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., All
scientists research, it follows that they're trained (Ch. 4).

accordingly - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g.,
Training improves skills, accordingly output rises (Ch. 8).

thereby - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., Ads boost
sales, thereby increasing profits (Ch. 8).

in conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g., Solar
panels save costs, in conclusion they're viable (Ch. 2).

as a result - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conclusion indicator; main claim follows; e.g.,
Curriculum raises scores, as a result it's effective (Ch. 7).

because - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g.,
Because ads boost sales, profits rise (Ch. 2).

since - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g., Since
bike lanes reduce traffic, they're beneficial (Ch. 5).

for - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g., Organic
food reduces health costs, for it's worth it (Ch. 12).

, as - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g., As
training improves skills, output increases (Ch. 8).

given that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g.,
Given that curriculum raises scores, it's effective (Ch. 7).

in that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g.,
Policy works, in that it reduces litter (Ch. 9).

due to the fact that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports
conclusion; e.g., Due to the fact that yoga improves focus, productivity rises (Ch. 2).

on the grounds that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports
conclusion; e.g., On the grounds that recycling works, it's promoted (Ch. 5).

seeing that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g.,
Seeing that exercise improves health, it's recommended (Ch. 8).

owing to - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Premise indicator; evidence supports conclusion; e.g.,
Owing to policy changes, compliance rises (Ch. 7).

if - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Sufficient condition; triggers necessary; e.g., If you study, you
pass (S → P) (Ch. 6).

then - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Necessary condition; follows sufficient; e.g., If it rains, then
event is indoors (R → I) (Ch. 6).

only if - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Necessary condition; required for sufficient; e.g., Pass only
if study (P → S) (Ch. 6).

unless - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Conditional; negate sufficient, make necessary; e.g., Unless
funded, no success (not F → not S) (Ch. 6).

provided that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Sufficient condition; triggers necessary; e.g., Win
provided that you train (T → W) (Ch. 6).

whenever - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Sufficient condition; triggers necessary; e.g., Whenever
it snows, roads close (S → C) (Ch. 6).

as long as - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Sufficient condition; triggers necessary; e.g., As long as
you practice, you improve (P → I) (Ch. 6).

on condition that - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Sufficient condition; triggers necessary; e.g.,
Succeed on condition that you fund (F → S) (Ch. 6).