NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 Practice Test (Latest) Rasmussen

S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen NUR 2513 Maternal-Child Nursing MCN Exam 1 What trends are currently influencing maternal child care? - An expansion of community-based services - Accidents are a leading cause of injury/mortality in the school aged population and therefore education focused on this topic would be considered high priority. What influences the changes in the types of care required to support maternal child health issues? - Families are smaller, with a higher number of single parent families as well as moms working outside the home. - When planning care, consideration must be given to these structural shifts. What are the 2020 National Health Goals for pregnancy? - Stop smoking/alcohol use - Eat a healthy diet - Take PNV - Take folic acidS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen - Achieve optimal nutrition status prior to conceptionS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What are the strategies for smoking cessation? - Follow a designed smoking cessation plan - Ask the MD if any medications can help - Get a friend involved in the plan What are the phases of the menstrual cycle? - Proliferative - Secretory/luteal - Ischemic - Menses What happens during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle? - First half of the menstrual cycle: Ovary begins to produce estrogen. Endometrium proliferates quickly-- increases thickness by eightfold from day 5-14. What happens during the Secretory/luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? - Progesterone forms in the corpus luteum -- glands of endometrium become corkscrew/twisted and dilated w/ glycogen and mucin (protein). Appearance: Rich, spongy velvet. What happens during the Ischemic phase of the menstrual cycle? - Corpus luteum in the ovary regresses after 8-10 days. Progesterone DECREASES-- endometrium of uterus degenerates (day 24/25 of cycles). Capillaries rupture, minute hemorrhages, and the endometrium SLOUGHS off.S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What happens during the Menses phase of the menstrual cycle? - Mix of blood, mucin (protein), endometrial tissue, and unfertilized ovum are released from the body. When is conception possible? - Can occur 2-3 days before ovulation and 1 day afterwards What is the life expectancy of sperm and the length of time an ova is ripe for fertilization? - Sperm survival: 3-5+ days. Ova ripe: 1 day How do combination oral contraceptives (COC) work? - estrogen acts to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH to suppress ovulation. Progesterone decreases permeability of cervical mucus (limits sperm motility/access to ova). Also interferes w/ tubal transport and endometrial proliferation (implantation significantly decreased) How are combination oral contraceptives (COC) taken/administered? - Monophasic pills (fixed doses est./progest. in 21-day cycle) Biphasic pills (constant amount of est. w/ varying progest. amounts) Triphasic/tetraphasic pills (varying est./progest. throughout the cycle) How effective are combination oral contraceptives (COC)? - 99.9% effectiveS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen How do intrauterine devices (IUDs) work? - prevent fertilization as well as to create a local sterile inflammatory reaction that prevents implantation. How is an intrauterine device (IUD) administered? - mall plastic device that is inserted into the uterus through the vagina. Add copper to device to decrease sperms ability to cross the uterine space. How effective are intrauterine devices (IUDs)? - 99% ParaGard (CopperT380: nonhormonal) effective for 10 years. Mirena or Liletta (levonorgestrel: hormonal) effective for 5 years (up to 7) What are contraindications for IUDs? - abnormalities in uterine shape such as bicornate uterus (pictured below) or uterine septums How does the Depo provera work? - inhibits ovulation, alters the endometrium, and thickens the cervical mucus so sperm progress is difficult How is Depo provera administered? - IM progesterone injection given every 12 weeks (3 months) How effective is Depo provera? - Almost 100%S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What are the contraindications for Depo provera? - Should be used cautiously in diabetic patients because is may impair glucose tolerance. Increase risk for osteoporosis (need 1,200 mg/day calcium) What are the common S/E of Depo provera? - Headache, weight gain, depression, irregular/heavy menstrual cycles for 1 year, then no bleeding after 1st year. How does Natural Family Planning (NFP) work? - Periodic abstinence methods that involve no introduction of chemical or foreign material into the body How effective is Natural Family Planning (NFP)? - NFP carries a failure rate of 2%-25%. What are barrier methods and how do they work? - Male/Female condoms: failure= 5-15% Diaphragms: w/ spermicide failure= 6%-18% Sponge: failure= 16%-20% Cervical Cap: failure= 23%-35% (higher bc cap dislodge easily during coitus) How should a diaphragm fit? - snugly in the vagina blocking sperm from entering the cervix. - Factors that will influence this fit might include significant weight changes (increase or decrease)S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What does a pap smear test for? - looks for precancers, cell changes on the cervix that might become cervical cancer if they are not treated appropriately. When are pap smears recommended? - Between the ages of 21-29, women whose Pap smears are normal only need it repeated every three years. What is syphilis and how is it treated? - Sexually transmitted bacterial infection contracted through direct contact with a chancre. Treated w/ Penicillin G- IM injection What are the S/S of syphilis (each of 3 stages)? - Primary: firm, round, painless sore at original site of infection - Secondary (systemic infection): Skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, general flu-like symptoms Asymptomatic in latent phase of secondary stage. - Tertiary: SEVERE medical problems affect the heart, brain, and other organs. What is chlamydia and how is it treated? - Gram-negative bacterial infection that is spread through sexual fluids during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Treatment: Zithromax 1g PO x1S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What are S/S of chlamydia? Patient education? - Absent or minor, painful urination or discharge Ed: avoid sex for 7 days after treatment AND until all partners have completed their course. Safe sex practices (condoms). What is Gonorrhea and how is it treated? - Bacterial infection - Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Treated w/ Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 PLUS Zithromax 1gm PO or doxycycline PO What are the s/s of gonorrhea? - Often asymptomatic Yellow, green, profuse, odorous vaginal discharge. Urinary frequency, dysuria, analitching, rectal bleeding, painful defecation, red throat, ulcerated lips, lesions, fever from infection. What is Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2? How are they treated? - HSV 1: cold sores HSV 2: genital lesions Treated with antivirals (Acyclovir or Valtrex PO TID x 5 days) What are S/S of herpes simplex virus? - •Prodrome - itching or tingling 1-2 days before outbreak •Outbreak - vesicles (blisters) in clusters on the affected site •Shedding - when the blisters rupture and leave painful ulcerations •Dormant phaseS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What is trichomonas and how is it treated? - A sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan parasite. Treated with Metronidazole 500mg po bid x 7 days What should the patient know when taking medication to treat trichomonas? - must abstain from alcohol during treatment What is bacterial vaginosis and how is it treated? - a condition that happens when there is too much of certain bacteria in the vagina. This changes the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina. Treated with Metronidazole 500mg po bid x 7 days (same as for trichomonas) What is candidiasis and how is it treated? - A fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida. Treated with Terconazole vaginal cream inserted nightly x 7; diflucan 150mg po x 1 (2nd trimester) What are the benefits and importance of folic acid supplementation? - crucial for neurological development and the prevention of open neural tube defects (Spina Bifida) in babies How much folic acid should a woman who is planning to become pregnant take? - Supplements containing 0.4-0.8 mgS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What are probable signs of pregnancy? - Abdominal enlargement - Hegar's sign: the softening of the lower uterus - Chadwicks sign: violet/bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucous - Goodell's sign: softening of cervical tip - Braxton Hicks contractions - Positive pregnancy test What are positive signs of pregnancy? - Fetal heart sounds - Fetal movements - Visualization of fetus on ultrasound What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - 1. Amenorrhea - 2. N&V - 3. Breast Changes (enlargement, tenderness, vascularity) - 4. Fatigue - 5. Urination frequency - 6. QuickeningS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What are the risks faced by the post term fetus? - Macrosomia (baby weighs more than 8 lb. 13 oz. or 4000g) - Respiratory distress - Meconium aspiration (gasping, sucking in amniotic fluid and meconium [baby's first poop] into the lungs) What is omphalocele? - AKA exomphalos: birth defect of the abdominal (belly) wall. The infant's intestines, liver, or other organs stick outside of the belly through the belly button. The organs are covered in a thin, nearly transparent sac that hardly ever is open or broken. Why does omphalocele occur? - Intestines fail to return to the abdominal cavity after maturation/development What should the nurse educate the family about regarding pregnancy and a new baby? - Siblings need to feel comfortable that they are not being replaced and that the family is simply growing. - Avoid taking items away from the sibling to give to the new baby. How to calculate the estimated date of confinement (EDC)? - Last menstrual period (LMP) - 3 months + 7 days= EDC Using Naegele’s rule: What is the EDC if LMP is June 12, 2020? - June 12 - 3 months= March 12 March 12 + 7 days= March 19 + 1 year= March 19, 2021S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What does the "G" in GTPAL stand for? - Gravid- how many times has she ever been pregnant What does the "T" in GTPAL stand for? - Term- how many pregnancies did she carry to term What does the "P" in GTPAL stand for? - Preterm- how many preterm (prior to 38 weeks) deliveries What does the "A" in GTPAL stand for? - Abortions- Spontaneous and elective- how many pregnancies ended prior to 20 weeks What does the "L" in GTPAL stand for? - Living children When do moms feel first fetal movement in primigravida? - Primigravida means a woman who is pregnant for the first time and they feel first fetal movement at 18-20 weeks. When do moms feel first fetal movement in multipara? - Multipara means a women who has been pregnant more than once feels first fetal movement at 15-17 weeks. What are the functions of amniotic fluid? - Select all that apply: Cushions fetus Maintain normal body temp Symmetrical fetal growthS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen Prevents adherence of the amnion Fetal musculoskeletal development by providing freedom of movement Normal fetal lung development What do variances in amniotic fluid represent? - Hydramnios (polyhydramnios) Oligohydramnios What is hydramnios (polyhydramnios)? - Occurs when there is over 2000 mL of amniotic fluid. Shown as pockets of fluid 8cm on ultrasound if baby cannot swallow. What is oligohydramnios? - 400-500 mL Less fluid -- less room for the baby to move. What can cause oligohydramnios? - Fetal urine adds to the quantity of the amniotic fluid --disturbance of kidney function may cause oligohydramnios or a reduction in the amount of amniotic fluid. What BMI is considered underweight? How much should they gain during pregnancy? - Underweight= 18.5 Total weight gain= 29-40lbs What BMI is considered normal? How much should they gain during pregnancy? - Normal= 18.5-24.9 Total weight gain= 25-35lbsS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What BMI is considered overweight? How much should they gain during pregnancy? - Overweight= 25-29.9 Total weight gain= 15-25lbs What BMI is considered obese? How much should they gain during pregnancy? - Obese= 30 Total weight gain= 11-20lbs What are the effects of smoking on the growing fetus? - Development of smaller placenta - Placenta ages more rapidly - SGA babies (smaller than gestational age) What weeks are the first trimester? What labs are drawn during this time? - 1st trimester= 1-12 weeks •Blood Type and Rh •Antibody screen •CBC •RPR (rapid plasma reagin tests for syphilis) •Hep B and C •HIV •GC/CT (Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae) •Urine drug screenS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What weeks are the second trimester? What labs are drawn during this time? - 2nd trimester= 13-27 weeks Labs typically drawn (together) between 24 and 28 weeks: •Repeat CBC •Repeat HIV •1 hour Glucose Tolerance Test- •Repeat antibody screen in Rh negative What weeks are the third trimester? What labs are drawn during this time? - 3rd trimester= 28-40 weeks •Group Beta Strep (GBS)- rectovaginal culture at 36 weeks What does the maternal serum alpha-fetaprotein (MSAFP) test for? - Open neural tube defects: spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele (high levels) Trisomy 21- Down Sydrome (low levels) Trisomy 18- Edwards syndrome (intrauterine growth retardation) Trisomy 13- 3 Copies of chromosome 13 (Patau syndrome intellectual/physical defects) What is cystic fibrosis and how is it passed on? - An autosomal recessive genetic disease. Each parent must be a carrier of the gene or mutation in order to produce offspring with the conditionS - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen What is sickle cell anemia? How is it passed on? - Red blood cell disorder in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body. Each parent must be a carrier of the gene or mutation in order to produce offspring with the condition What is surfactant? When is it made? - liquid made by the lungs that keeps the airways (alveoli) open - An unborn baby starts to make surfactant at about 26 weeks of pregnancy. - Prevents alveoli from collapsing on expiration How is the fetus oxygenated while in utero? - placenta/placental perfusion When is the pre-embryonic stage? - 1st day of conception to day 14 When is the embryonic stage? - 2-8 weeks What happens during the embryonic stage? - organs are mainly formed. During this rapid cell division and forming of organs, if exposed to viruses or drugs, this can cause harm to the fetus.S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: mariamccaskill | Distribution of this document is illegal NUR 2513 / NUR2513: Maternal-Child Nursing Exam 1 (Latest 2022 / 2023) Rasmussen When is the fetal development stage? - 9 weeks until birth