CNUR 300 Key Revision Questions And Well
Elaborated Solutions|latest Updates|
Microsystems - ANSWER Direct environment we have in our lives
Direct interactions we have
Ex: family, school, peers
Mesosystems - ANSWER Contains interactions between 2 microsystems
Relationships between microsystems in which persons/families participate
Ex: families and schools, families and religion, and families with peers
Ex: Parents microsystem take role as chaperones on field trip
Exosystem - ANSWER External environments that influence indirectly
Settings in enviro that have has influence on child, although child does not directly
participate
Ex: mass media, welfare services, death of family friend, neighbours
Macrosystems - ANSWER Cultural environment child resides in
Ex: cultural attitudes, ideologies, or belief systems
Chronosystems - ANSWER Transitions/events that have an effect on other 4 levels of
systems
Ex: unexpected death, disasters, wars
Application of the Bioecological Systems - ANSWER Assessment consists of looking at
all levels of the system when interviewing the family in a health care setting
Interventions include making home visits to assess the living arrangements of the
family, talk with parents about their relationships to schools, church and extended family
support systems, explore external resources, discuss faith
Evaluate how the family is adapting to the changes
Strengths/Weaknesses of Bioecological Theory - ANSWER Strength- represents
comprehensive/holistic view of human/family development
Weakness- different systems show nurses what to think about what may affect family,
but the direction of how the family adapts is not specifically delineated in this theory
,Family Soc Science Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and explanatory
Explain family functioning and dynamics
Primarily normal families
Family Therapy Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and prescriptive
Explain family dysfunction and guide therapeutic actions
Primarily troubled families
Nursing Models/Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and prescriptive
Guide nursing assessment and intervention efforts
Primarily families with health and illness problems
Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Help foster understanding of how chronic illness
affects the family
3 major elements:
1. Illness types
2. Time phases of the illness
3. Family functioning
Illness Types - ANSWER Onset: Gradual or acute
acute onset- family reacts by rapid use of crisis mode strategies to manage situation-
perhaps past strategies they have used during previous hard times
Chronic illness- more gradual onset- adaptation occurs over prolonged period of time
Course of Illness:
Progressive chronic- makes gradual changes in their roles to adapt to the losses and
needs of the family member as the illness progresses in severity- exhaustion is
common- new roles develop
Constant Chronic illness- after initial chaos/stress caused by acute illness/injury-
potential for stress and exhaustion present- lesser degree than in progressive
Time Phase - ANSWER Initial/Crisis Time- first diagnosed- positive rt with HCPs,
gather info about diagnosis, accept diagnosis
Mid-Time Phase- long haul of chronic illness- sustaining autonomy for all fam members,
paving to avoid burnout, developing goals, accept tx plan, reorganize family roles,
maintain positive rt with HCPs
Learn to redefine normal, adjust to stigma, successfully grieve loss caused by
, disability/condition
Terminal Phase- constantly work with family through the dying of fam member, help with
cascade of decisions that occur during this phase, help to develop sense of identity w/o
fam member
Application of Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Family functioning is the central
concern- family needs to learn to adapt to new tx and regiment management issues and
establish a new normal
Help with family roles- assist by exploring options for care and potential future decisions
the family may face as dx changes to terminal
Strengths/Weaknesses of Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Strength- outlines
how multiple fx of a chronic illness ca be grouped in a variety of ways that affect family
functioning
Weakness- complexity of chronic illness is not predictive
Family Assessment and Intervention Model - ANSWER Families viewed as dynamic,
open system interacting with their environment
Health events cause families to react to stressors created by changes in the health
status of a family member
Families vary in their response to the stressors/ability to cope- depending on how
deeply the stressors penetrate the basic family unit and how capable or experienced the
family is in adapting to maintain its stability
Critical concept is to build on the family's strengths by helping the family identify its
problem-solving strategies
Line of defence- flexible as it moves to protect the family- when no longer capable of
protecting fam- stressor breaks through
Line of resistance- functions to stabilize/return the family to its usual wellness state
This model addresses:
1. wellness-health promotion activities- problem identification and family factors at lines
of defence and resistance
2. Family reaction and instability at lines of defence and resistance
3. Restoration of family stability and family fx at levels of prevention and intervention
Elaborated Solutions|latest Updates|
Microsystems - ANSWER Direct environment we have in our lives
Direct interactions we have
Ex: family, school, peers
Mesosystems - ANSWER Contains interactions between 2 microsystems
Relationships between microsystems in which persons/families participate
Ex: families and schools, families and religion, and families with peers
Ex: Parents microsystem take role as chaperones on field trip
Exosystem - ANSWER External environments that influence indirectly
Settings in enviro that have has influence on child, although child does not directly
participate
Ex: mass media, welfare services, death of family friend, neighbours
Macrosystems - ANSWER Cultural environment child resides in
Ex: cultural attitudes, ideologies, or belief systems
Chronosystems - ANSWER Transitions/events that have an effect on other 4 levels of
systems
Ex: unexpected death, disasters, wars
Application of the Bioecological Systems - ANSWER Assessment consists of looking at
all levels of the system when interviewing the family in a health care setting
Interventions include making home visits to assess the living arrangements of the
family, talk with parents about their relationships to schools, church and extended family
support systems, explore external resources, discuss faith
Evaluate how the family is adapting to the changes
Strengths/Weaknesses of Bioecological Theory - ANSWER Strength- represents
comprehensive/holistic view of human/family development
Weakness- different systems show nurses what to think about what may affect family,
but the direction of how the family adapts is not specifically delineated in this theory
,Family Soc Science Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and explanatory
Explain family functioning and dynamics
Primarily normal families
Family Therapy Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and prescriptive
Explain family dysfunction and guide therapeutic actions
Primarily troubled families
Nursing Models/Theories - ANSWER Descriptive and prescriptive
Guide nursing assessment and intervention efforts
Primarily families with health and illness problems
Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Help foster understanding of how chronic illness
affects the family
3 major elements:
1. Illness types
2. Time phases of the illness
3. Family functioning
Illness Types - ANSWER Onset: Gradual or acute
acute onset- family reacts by rapid use of crisis mode strategies to manage situation-
perhaps past strategies they have used during previous hard times
Chronic illness- more gradual onset- adaptation occurs over prolonged period of time
Course of Illness:
Progressive chronic- makes gradual changes in their roles to adapt to the losses and
needs of the family member as the illness progresses in severity- exhaustion is
common- new roles develop
Constant Chronic illness- after initial chaos/stress caused by acute illness/injury-
potential for stress and exhaustion present- lesser degree than in progressive
Time Phase - ANSWER Initial/Crisis Time- first diagnosed- positive rt with HCPs,
gather info about diagnosis, accept diagnosis
Mid-Time Phase- long haul of chronic illness- sustaining autonomy for all fam members,
paving to avoid burnout, developing goals, accept tx plan, reorganize family roles,
maintain positive rt with HCPs
Learn to redefine normal, adjust to stigma, successfully grieve loss caused by
, disability/condition
Terminal Phase- constantly work with family through the dying of fam member, help with
cascade of decisions that occur during this phase, help to develop sense of identity w/o
fam member
Application of Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Family functioning is the central
concern- family needs to learn to adapt to new tx and regiment management issues and
establish a new normal
Help with family roles- assist by exploring options for care and potential future decisions
the family may face as dx changes to terminal
Strengths/Weaknesses of Chronic Illness Framework - ANSWER Strength- outlines
how multiple fx of a chronic illness ca be grouped in a variety of ways that affect family
functioning
Weakness- complexity of chronic illness is not predictive
Family Assessment and Intervention Model - ANSWER Families viewed as dynamic,
open system interacting with their environment
Health events cause families to react to stressors created by changes in the health
status of a family member
Families vary in their response to the stressors/ability to cope- depending on how
deeply the stressors penetrate the basic family unit and how capable or experienced the
family is in adapting to maintain its stability
Critical concept is to build on the family's strengths by helping the family identify its
problem-solving strategies
Line of defence- flexible as it moves to protect the family- when no longer capable of
protecting fam- stressor breaks through
Line of resistance- functions to stabilize/return the family to its usual wellness state
This model addresses:
1. wellness-health promotion activities- problem identification and family factors at lines
of defence and resistance
2. Family reaction and instability at lines of defence and resistance
3. Restoration of family stability and family fx at levels of prevention and intervention
