Non communicable diseases questions
with answers 2025/2026
Non communicable disease definition ✅✅A disease or health condition that is not
contagious and cannot be passed from one perosn to another
Morbidity vs morality ✅✅Morbidity is the number of people living with an NCD
Morality is the number of people that have died from an NCD
subcutaneous fat vs visceral fat ✅✅subcutaneous: adipose tissue that is located just
below the surface of the skin. Cushions the skeleton against insulation and for insulation
to maintain body temperature. It's visible from the outside
visceral: adipose tissue which accumulates inside organs such as the liver, abdomen
and intestine. It can also be found in the breasts, heart and in muscle which makes it
invisible from the outside. Visceral fat is linked to heart disease, high blood pressure,
stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancers.
Obesity ✅✅An NCD in which the amount of fat stored in the body is excessive for a
persons weight and height. It can lead to a wide variety of health conditions.
Aetiology of obesity ✅✅- large portion sizes
-high intake of processsed foods
-energy dense diet
- large amounts of alcohol
- eating later than 6:30
-mindless eating
-living or working in an obesogenic environment
-snacking between meals
obesogenic environment ✅✅all the factors surrounding a person that promote weight
gain, such as availability of energy dense foods, number of fast food outlets, eating
culture, advertising. Affects incidence and prevalence of obesity in a population.
Ways to measure obesity ✅✅-BMI weight in relation height (over 30 obese, 25-29
overweight, less than 18.5 underweight). Calculated by weight(kg) divided by
height(m)^2
-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) it produces an image of the internal structure
which shows the amount of visceral fat contained in the organs
-waist to height ratio. If a person doesn't contain a visceral fat stores then their waist
measurement should be less than half their height.
, Obesity Statistics ✅✅- by 2035 it is predicted that the prevalence of obesity will
double to 4.4 million
-in England 26% of adults are obese
-in England 20% of year 6 children are obese and 10% of reception children are obese
-in 2014-15 the NHS spent an estimated £6.1 billion on treating people with obesity
-younger generations are becoming obese are earlier ages and staying obese into
adulthood
Risk factors for obesity ✅✅-sedentary lifestyle
-high energy dense diet
-genetics
-parental obesity
-unhealthy eating habits
-living in an obesogenic environment
-lack of physical activity
Cardiovascular system ✅✅-oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and then absorbed into
the bloodstream where it is picked up by red blood cells
-the heart pumps the oxygenated blood through arteries to tissues and organs
-the oxygen is released from the bloodstream where inside the body cells
-waste products are carried back to the heart in the deoxygenated blood
-the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood back to the lungs where more oxygen is
picked up and the cycle repeats.
How coronary heart disease is caused? ✅✅The coronary artery will narrow and the
blood supply becomes blocked by plaque that is deposited in the walls and severely
restrict blood stream. A heart attack occurs when the artery becomes completely
blocked, cutting off the blood supply, depriving the heart from oxygen
cholestrol ✅✅a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts
of the body. It's made in the liver and comes from the fats eaten in food. Cholesterol is
needed by the body as an essential part of many systems but too much can lead to
cardiovascular disease. It is carried around the bloodstream and attaches to
lipoproteins.
types of lipoproteins ✅✅High density lipoprotein (HDL)- once cholesterol has
performed its functions in the body, HDLs transport it away from body cells and back to
the liver, where it is either removed from the body as a waste product or broken down.
They are known as good cholesterol
Low density lipoproteins (LDP)- these transport cholesterol to body cells, but do not take
excess amounts back to the liver for disposal; instead the excess cholesterol is depleted
in the artery walls and forms atheroma. They are known as bad cholesterol.
with answers 2025/2026
Non communicable disease definition ✅✅A disease or health condition that is not
contagious and cannot be passed from one perosn to another
Morbidity vs morality ✅✅Morbidity is the number of people living with an NCD
Morality is the number of people that have died from an NCD
subcutaneous fat vs visceral fat ✅✅subcutaneous: adipose tissue that is located just
below the surface of the skin. Cushions the skeleton against insulation and for insulation
to maintain body temperature. It's visible from the outside
visceral: adipose tissue which accumulates inside organs such as the liver, abdomen
and intestine. It can also be found in the breasts, heart and in muscle which makes it
invisible from the outside. Visceral fat is linked to heart disease, high blood pressure,
stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancers.
Obesity ✅✅An NCD in which the amount of fat stored in the body is excessive for a
persons weight and height. It can lead to a wide variety of health conditions.
Aetiology of obesity ✅✅- large portion sizes
-high intake of processsed foods
-energy dense diet
- large amounts of alcohol
- eating later than 6:30
-mindless eating
-living or working in an obesogenic environment
-snacking between meals
obesogenic environment ✅✅all the factors surrounding a person that promote weight
gain, such as availability of energy dense foods, number of fast food outlets, eating
culture, advertising. Affects incidence and prevalence of obesity in a population.
Ways to measure obesity ✅✅-BMI weight in relation height (over 30 obese, 25-29
overweight, less than 18.5 underweight). Calculated by weight(kg) divided by
height(m)^2
-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) it produces an image of the internal structure
which shows the amount of visceral fat contained in the organs
-waist to height ratio. If a person doesn't contain a visceral fat stores then their waist
measurement should be less than half their height.
, Obesity Statistics ✅✅- by 2035 it is predicted that the prevalence of obesity will
double to 4.4 million
-in England 26% of adults are obese
-in England 20% of year 6 children are obese and 10% of reception children are obese
-in 2014-15 the NHS spent an estimated £6.1 billion on treating people with obesity
-younger generations are becoming obese are earlier ages and staying obese into
adulthood
Risk factors for obesity ✅✅-sedentary lifestyle
-high energy dense diet
-genetics
-parental obesity
-unhealthy eating habits
-living in an obesogenic environment
-lack of physical activity
Cardiovascular system ✅✅-oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and then absorbed into
the bloodstream where it is picked up by red blood cells
-the heart pumps the oxygenated blood through arteries to tissues and organs
-the oxygen is released from the bloodstream where inside the body cells
-waste products are carried back to the heart in the deoxygenated blood
-the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood back to the lungs where more oxygen is
picked up and the cycle repeats.
How coronary heart disease is caused? ✅✅The coronary artery will narrow and the
blood supply becomes blocked by plaque that is deposited in the walls and severely
restrict blood stream. A heart attack occurs when the artery becomes completely
blocked, cutting off the blood supply, depriving the heart from oxygen
cholestrol ✅✅a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts
of the body. It's made in the liver and comes from the fats eaten in food. Cholesterol is
needed by the body as an essential part of many systems but too much can lead to
cardiovascular disease. It is carried around the bloodstream and attaches to
lipoproteins.
types of lipoproteins ✅✅High density lipoprotein (HDL)- once cholesterol has
performed its functions in the body, HDLs transport it away from body cells and back to
the liver, where it is either removed from the body as a waste product or broken down.
They are known as good cholesterol
Low density lipoproteins (LDP)- these transport cholesterol to body cells, but do not take
excess amounts back to the liver for disposal; instead the excess cholesterol is depleted
in the artery walls and forms atheroma. They are known as bad cholesterol.
