NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm & Final Exam – Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions with Verified Answers

NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysio logy Midterm & Final ExamNURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm & Final ExamPart 1 26 of the 100 Questions onthe Multiple Choice Test *with Answers Note: This document is the summation of test questions and answers found on the NURS 6501 course Mid-term and Final exams. The document is intended to facilitate remediation and reviewof the NURS 6501 Mid-term and Final exams. This document is not intended for the purpose ofcheating or academic dishonesty. Please note that the issuer will not be held liable for the misuse of the document for its original and intended purpose(s).1. A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacidsand aluminumcontaining antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Answer: B a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL b . Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL c. Sodium 149 mEq/Ld. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L 2.A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professionaladvise the person to include in the diet? Answer: B a. Iron b . Iodine c. Zinc d . Magnesium 3.In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of thecolon, uterus, and kidney? Answer: C a. Women older than 45 years of age b . Women who have never had children c. Women who have high body mass index d . Women who have smoked for more than 10 years 4.A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain.Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Answer: D a. Chemical mediators, such as histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin, produceabdominal pain.b . Edema and vascular congestion produce abdominal pain by stretching. c. Ischemia, caused by distention of bowel obstruction or mesenteric vesselthrombosis, produce abdominal pain. d. Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. 5.What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with adrug such as atropine? Answer: B a . Salivation becomes thinner b . Salivation decreases c . The pH of saliva changes d . Digestive enzymes are inhibited 6. A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response bythe professor is best? Answer: B a . Competes with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted b . Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen c . Destroys the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carryoxygen d . Removes iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 7.A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle asseen on ECG. What ECG finding would thehealthcare professional associate with this problem? Answer: C a. A prolonged ST intervalb . Variability in measurement with heart rate c . PR interval measuring 0.28 sec d . A QRS complex measuring 0.08 sec 8. Renal failure is the most common cause of which type ofhyperparathyroidism? Answer: B a . Primary b . Secondary c . Exogenous d . Inflammatory 9. What is one function of the tumor cell marker?Answer: D a . To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer b . To treat certain types of cancer c . To predict where cancer will develop d . To scree individuals at high risk for cancer 10. A patient is in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should thehealthcare professional assess for? Answer: Ba . Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone b . Hyper secretion of aldosterone c . Brief bouts of vomiting or diarrhead. Excessive diuretic therapy 11. A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab valuewould the healthcare professional associate with this condition? Answer: B a. Low white blood cell count b . Low platelet count c. High red cell count d . High hemoglobin and hematocrit 12. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?Answer: B a. Oxidative phosphorylation b . Glycolysis c. Lactolysis d . Passive transport 13.A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. Theprofessional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Answer: B a. Norepinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion but it also causes high blood pressure.b . Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. c. The release of epinephrine leads to development of cardiacdysrhythmia d . Immunoglobulin G causes smooth muscle contraction which willeventually weaken the respiratory muscles14.A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcareprofessional advise the woman about? Answer: B a . Frequent tests of the newborn's muscular strength and movement b . Blood test for hyperthyroidism c . Monthly OB checkups for fetal anomalies or pregnancy loss d . Serum complete blood count including platelet count 15. Where is two thirds of the body’s water found?Answer: C a. Interstitial fluid spaces b . Vascular system c. Intracellular fluid compartments d . Intraocular fluids 16.A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are givenby injection. What response by the professor is best? Answer: D a . Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest.b . Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by aspecific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen. c . Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus requirestimulation by different routes. d . ach route stimulates a different lymphocytecontaining tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity17. If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobindissociation curve to react in which manner? Answer: A a. Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O ) to be released to the cells b . Shift to the left, allowing less O 2 to be released to the cells c. Show no change, allowing the O 2 concentration to remain stable d. Show dramatic fluctuation, allowing the O concentrati on to increase 18. A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouthand has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional? Answer: C a . TSH and T 4 b . Serum Sodium c . Serum Calcium d . Urine Osmolality 19. A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivityreactions. What description by the professor is best? Answer: D a. Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediatorsb . Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues c. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokineproducing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets d . Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.20. A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What actionby the healthcare professional is best? Answer: A a. Give the patient an antihistamine b . Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion c. Ask the patient if he/she is having pain at the site d . Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area 21. A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuousincreases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Answer: C a . Mitral regurgitation b . Mitral Stenosis c . Pulmonary Edema d . Jugular vein distention 22. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?Answer: C a . Increased heart rate and force of contraction b . Secretion of cortisolc . Increased retention of water d . Breakdown of fat23. A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitusfrom Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Answer: A a . Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues b . Need for lifelong insulin injections c . Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of thepancreas d . Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cellsin the pancreas 24. What is the initiating event that leads to the development ofatherosclerosis? Answer: C a . Release of inflammatory cytokines b . Macrophages adhere to vessel walls c . Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery wall d . Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor 25. A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks thehealthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Answer: Ba . To evaluate the cause of hypoxia b . To measure the volume and flow rate during forced air expiration c . To measure the gas diffusion rate at the alveolocapillarymembrane d. To determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations 26. A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Whichstatement by the professional is best? Answer: D a . Exotoxins are contained in the cell walls of gramnegative bacteria b . Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria c . Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulationcascades d . Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth