Holes human anatomy and physiology Chapter exam questions and answers fully solved
sensory neurons - AnswersAfferrnt transfer sensory information to neurons in the CNS
Sensory input function(PNS) - AnswersGathers information by detecting changes(light, sound,
any changes in and out of the body)
Once stimulated information is carried by sensory receptors to the CNS as an sensory impulse
Interneuron - AnswersTransfers information from one part of the CNS to another only in CNS
Integrative function - AnswersCoordinates sensory information to create sensations, memory,
thoughts
Makes decisions on body's response to sensory information
Intergration occurs in the interneurons
motor neurons (efferent) - AnswersTransfer instructions from the CNS to effectors(muscle or
gland)
Divisions of PNS - Answerssomatic and autonomic
somatic nervous system - Answersthe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls
the body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - AnswersThe part of the PNS that controls the glands the smooth
muscles, and cardiac muscles of the internal organs
cells of the nervous system - Answersneurons and neuroglia
Neuron - Answersa nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system vary in shape and
size
cell body (soma or perikaryon) - AnswersCentral portion of the neuron contains the nucleus,
cytoplasm, organelles, neurofilaments, chromatophilic substance(nissal bodies in RER) very
unique to neurons
Dendrites - AnswersShort and branched receptive surfaces
Many per neuron
Receptive part of the neuron
Carries impulses toward the cell body
Axon - AnswersOne per neuron, long thin process, carries impulses away from the cell body
Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters to another neuron or effector
, Neurotransmitters - Answerschemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
Schwann cells - AnswersNeuroglia Cells responsible for the formation of myelin that wrap tightly
around an axon called the mylin sheath
Composition of mylin - AnswersSchwann cells produce layers of proteins and lipids that wrap
around an axon which is a lipoprotein mixture
sensory receptors - Answersdetect environmental changes and trigger nerve impulses carries
information to the CNS
Regeneration of axons - AnswersIf a cell body is injured the neuron usually dies. Ability to
regenerate after injury depends on the axons in the CNS and PNS
PNS axons may regenerate
CNS axons lack neurilemmal(thin sheath around the nerve axon) to act as a guiding sheath so
may not regenerate
Oligodendrocytes do not proliferate after therefore regeneration is unlikely
Multipolar neurons - Answers99% of neurons
many extensions/ processes from the cell body
Most neurons in the CNS
Bipolar neurons - AnswersTwo processes/ extensions
One fused dendrite leads towards cell body and one axon that leads away for cell body
Speacialized parts of eyes, ears, and nose(sensory areas)
unipolar neuron - AnswersOne process from cell body
Forms central and peripheral process
Cell bodies are in the ganglia outside brain and spinal cord
Only the distal ends are dendrites
Synaptic knob - AnswersEnd of axon
When impulse reaches this point synaptic vesicles release a neurotransmitter that diffuses
across the synaptic cleft
threshold potential - Answers-55mV, a stimulus great enough to change the membrane
potential and propagate action
sensory neurons - AnswersAfferrnt transfer sensory information to neurons in the CNS
Sensory input function(PNS) - AnswersGathers information by detecting changes(light, sound,
any changes in and out of the body)
Once stimulated information is carried by sensory receptors to the CNS as an sensory impulse
Interneuron - AnswersTransfers information from one part of the CNS to another only in CNS
Integrative function - AnswersCoordinates sensory information to create sensations, memory,
thoughts
Makes decisions on body's response to sensory information
Intergration occurs in the interneurons
motor neurons (efferent) - AnswersTransfer instructions from the CNS to effectors(muscle or
gland)
Divisions of PNS - Answerssomatic and autonomic
somatic nervous system - Answersthe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls
the body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - AnswersThe part of the PNS that controls the glands the smooth
muscles, and cardiac muscles of the internal organs
cells of the nervous system - Answersneurons and neuroglia
Neuron - Answersa nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system vary in shape and
size
cell body (soma or perikaryon) - AnswersCentral portion of the neuron contains the nucleus,
cytoplasm, organelles, neurofilaments, chromatophilic substance(nissal bodies in RER) very
unique to neurons
Dendrites - AnswersShort and branched receptive surfaces
Many per neuron
Receptive part of the neuron
Carries impulses toward the cell body
Axon - AnswersOne per neuron, long thin process, carries impulses away from the cell body
Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters to another neuron or effector
, Neurotransmitters - Answerschemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
Schwann cells - AnswersNeuroglia Cells responsible for the formation of myelin that wrap tightly
around an axon called the mylin sheath
Composition of mylin - AnswersSchwann cells produce layers of proteins and lipids that wrap
around an axon which is a lipoprotein mixture
sensory receptors - Answersdetect environmental changes and trigger nerve impulses carries
information to the CNS
Regeneration of axons - AnswersIf a cell body is injured the neuron usually dies. Ability to
regenerate after injury depends on the axons in the CNS and PNS
PNS axons may regenerate
CNS axons lack neurilemmal(thin sheath around the nerve axon) to act as a guiding sheath so
may not regenerate
Oligodendrocytes do not proliferate after therefore regeneration is unlikely
Multipolar neurons - Answers99% of neurons
many extensions/ processes from the cell body
Most neurons in the CNS
Bipolar neurons - AnswersTwo processes/ extensions
One fused dendrite leads towards cell body and one axon that leads away for cell body
Speacialized parts of eyes, ears, and nose(sensory areas)
unipolar neuron - AnswersOne process from cell body
Forms central and peripheral process
Cell bodies are in the ganglia outside brain and spinal cord
Only the distal ends are dendrites
Synaptic knob - AnswersEnd of axon
When impulse reaches this point synaptic vesicles release a neurotransmitter that diffuses
across the synaptic cleft
threshold potential - Answers-55mV, a stimulus great enough to change the membrane
potential and propagate action
