COMSAE 107 QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED SOLUTIONS
osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - ANSWER (spongy and ) trabecular bone
mass loss
imipramine - ANSWER TCA
SE: Tri-Cs convulsions
coma
cardiotox
antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic hypotension-
block alpha1)
Sensourineural hearing loss, tinnitus, paralysis of facial muslces, loss of corneal reflex -
ANSWER Cerebellopontine angle tumor - between cerebellum and lateral pons -- CNs
5, 7, 9
Sleep changes in depressed patients - ANSWER decreased slow-wave sleep, decreased REM
latency, REM early in sleep cycle, increased total REM sleep, repeated nighttime awakenings,
early-morning awakenings
Cachexia mediated by - ANSWER TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6
Tx for Orotic aciduria - ANSWER Uridine - inhibits carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Short acting benzos - ANSWER ATOM
Alprazolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam
Medium acting benzos - ANSWER LET
Lorazepam, Estraolam, Temazepam
Long acting benzos - ANSWER Clordiazepoxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam
Climacteric period - ANSWER Menopause
Compartment syndrome d/t occlusion of: - ANSWER Microvasculature (small arteries)
Grave's disease ab - ANSWER anti-TSH
Addison's disease - ANSWER Primary adrenal insufficiency d/t adrenal atrophy or destruction
by disease
hpL - ANSWER human placental lactogen - increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis
,and lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis --> hyperinsulin, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
Hit in front or back of head - ANSWER SBS compression
Hit under chin on same side - ANSWER Torsion
Blow on side of head - ANSWER Torsion strain
Hit on same side of head - ANSWER Lateral strain
Hit on forehead at top of head - ANSWER Superior strain
Hit at occiput - ANSWER Inferior strain
Touch, pain, temp sensation from ipsilateral face - ANSWER Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Ritodrine/Terbutaline - ANSWER Beta 2 agonist that relzxes the uterus to reduce
premature uterine cotnractions; tocolytic
"Ritodrine allows the fetus to return to dreams"
Ergonovine - ANSWER to facilitate delivery of the placenta and to prevent bleeding
after childbirth by causing smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessel walls to narrow,
thereby reducing blood flow;
dx Prinzmental's angina
Metoclopramide - ANSWER anti-emetic
Pyocyanin pigment - ANSWER blue pigment - Pseudomonas
Sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, paralysis of facial muscles, loss of corneal reflex -
ANSWER Cerebellopontine angle - b/w cerebellum and lateral pons; CNS 5, 7, 8
Hyperresonance - ANSWER pneumothorax,
Large Q-waves - ANSWER Old infarcts
Cachexia mediated by - ANSWER TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive in - ANSWER Hairy Cell Leukemia
Low leukocyte ALP - ANSWER CML
Cytosolic steroid receptor - ANSWER VET CAP
Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone
Nuclear steroid receptor - ANSWER T3/T4
Tetanus tx - ANSWER Tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid series
,Balantidium coli - ANSWER protozoa found in pigs
Sumatriptan - ANSWER 5-HT 1B/1D agonist --> vasoconstsriction, inhibition of
trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release
Tx of S. pneumonia - ANSWER Penicillin
Asthma drugs that cause tremors - ANSWER Albuterol, Theophylline
Theophylline MOA - ANSWER inhibits phosphodiesterease --> dec cAMP Xenograft -
ANSWER from different species
syngeneic graft - ANSWER from identical twin
Cyclophosphamide - ANSWER alkylates DNA
inferior vesical artery - ANSWER goes to fundus of bladder
corticobulbar tract of internal capsule - ANSWER composed of UMN of CNs, for
muscles of face, head, and neck all CNs except III, IV, VI
inhaled anthrax - ANSWER shows up as mediastinal widening on CXR
vaginosis and pH - ANSWER pH of greater than 4.5 is likely bacterial
insultation installers - ANSWER susceptible to asbestos
junctional rhythm - ANSWER pacemaker is the AV node. it usually presents without a P wave
or with an inverted P wave. Retrograde P waves refers to the depolarization from the AV node
back towards the SA node
ova in stool - ANSWER means one of the following: giardiasis
amebiasis
strongyloidosis
taeniasis
hyperhidrosis - ANSWER abnormally increased sweating
trichophytum rubrum - ANSWER most common cause of athlete's foot, jock itch,
ringworm
impetigo - ANSWER most common cause is staph aureus
kernig's sign - ANSWER can indicate either subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis
enterovirus 71 - ANSWER can cause hand foot mouth dz and severe neurological sx in
, children. responsible for small epidemics in 1970s
porphyromonas gingivalis - ANSWER is culprit in periodontal dz and is linked to
rheumatic fever
ascaris lumbricoides - ANSWER dxed by fecal smear, and is found in latin america
Balantidium coli - ANSWER In trophozoites, the two nuclei are visible. The macronucleus is
long and sausage-shaped, and the spherical micronucleus is nested next to it, often hidden by the
macronucleus. Balantidium is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans. Balantidiasis
is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the feco-oral route from the normal host, the
pig, where it is asymptomatic. Contaminated water is the most common mechanism of
transmission. In acute disease, explosive diarrhea may occur as often as every twenty minutes.
Perforation of the colon may also occur in acute infections which can lead to life-threatening
situations
Isosporiasis - ANSWER The coccidian parasite Isospora belli infects the epithelial cells of the
small intestine, and is the least common of the three intestinal coccidia that infect humans
(Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Isospora). Infection causes acute, nonbloody diarrhea with
crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss. In
immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhea can be severe. Eosinophilia
may be present (differently from other protozoan infections.
Cilostazol - ANSWER Cilostazol is approved for the treatment of intermittent
claudication
Quadrigeminal cistern - ANSWER Superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein
Duret haemorrhage - ANSWER Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding in the ventral
and paramedian parts of the upper brainstem, (midbrain and pons). They are secondary to raised
intracranial pressure with formation of a transtentorial pressure cone involving the cerebral
peduncles (crus cerebri) and other midbrain structures caused by raised pressure above the
tentorium.
Kernohan's notch is a groove in the cerebral peduncle that may be caused by this displacement of
the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium. The resulting ipsilateral hemiparesis is a false
localising sign,[3] known as the Kernohan-Woltman
syndrome.[4] This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and
subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass
1mo development - ANSWER focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound,
turns head to sound
2mo development - ANSWER Coos, fixe and follow, grasps, smiles responsively, lifts
head, turns head to sound
4mo development - ANSWER Coos/squeals/laughs, Bears weight, follow 180 degrees,
Grasps, Holds head/chest up, holds small toy, no head lag, reaches, rolls front to back,
ELABORATED SOLUTIONS
osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - ANSWER (spongy and ) trabecular bone
mass loss
imipramine - ANSWER TCA
SE: Tri-Cs convulsions
coma
cardiotox
antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic hypotension-
block alpha1)
Sensourineural hearing loss, tinnitus, paralysis of facial muslces, loss of corneal reflex -
ANSWER Cerebellopontine angle tumor - between cerebellum and lateral pons -- CNs
5, 7, 9
Sleep changes in depressed patients - ANSWER decreased slow-wave sleep, decreased REM
latency, REM early in sleep cycle, increased total REM sleep, repeated nighttime awakenings,
early-morning awakenings
Cachexia mediated by - ANSWER TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6
Tx for Orotic aciduria - ANSWER Uridine - inhibits carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Short acting benzos - ANSWER ATOM
Alprazolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam
Medium acting benzos - ANSWER LET
Lorazepam, Estraolam, Temazepam
Long acting benzos - ANSWER Clordiazepoxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam
Climacteric period - ANSWER Menopause
Compartment syndrome d/t occlusion of: - ANSWER Microvasculature (small arteries)
Grave's disease ab - ANSWER anti-TSH
Addison's disease - ANSWER Primary adrenal insufficiency d/t adrenal atrophy or destruction
by disease
hpL - ANSWER human placental lactogen - increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis
,and lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis --> hyperinsulin, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
Hit in front or back of head - ANSWER SBS compression
Hit under chin on same side - ANSWER Torsion
Blow on side of head - ANSWER Torsion strain
Hit on same side of head - ANSWER Lateral strain
Hit on forehead at top of head - ANSWER Superior strain
Hit at occiput - ANSWER Inferior strain
Touch, pain, temp sensation from ipsilateral face - ANSWER Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Ritodrine/Terbutaline - ANSWER Beta 2 agonist that relzxes the uterus to reduce
premature uterine cotnractions; tocolytic
"Ritodrine allows the fetus to return to dreams"
Ergonovine - ANSWER to facilitate delivery of the placenta and to prevent bleeding
after childbirth by causing smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessel walls to narrow,
thereby reducing blood flow;
dx Prinzmental's angina
Metoclopramide - ANSWER anti-emetic
Pyocyanin pigment - ANSWER blue pigment - Pseudomonas
Sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, paralysis of facial muscles, loss of corneal reflex -
ANSWER Cerebellopontine angle - b/w cerebellum and lateral pons; CNS 5, 7, 8
Hyperresonance - ANSWER pneumothorax,
Large Q-waves - ANSWER Old infarcts
Cachexia mediated by - ANSWER TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive in - ANSWER Hairy Cell Leukemia
Low leukocyte ALP - ANSWER CML
Cytosolic steroid receptor - ANSWER VET CAP
Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone
Nuclear steroid receptor - ANSWER T3/T4
Tetanus tx - ANSWER Tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid series
,Balantidium coli - ANSWER protozoa found in pigs
Sumatriptan - ANSWER 5-HT 1B/1D agonist --> vasoconstsriction, inhibition of
trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release
Tx of S. pneumonia - ANSWER Penicillin
Asthma drugs that cause tremors - ANSWER Albuterol, Theophylline
Theophylline MOA - ANSWER inhibits phosphodiesterease --> dec cAMP Xenograft -
ANSWER from different species
syngeneic graft - ANSWER from identical twin
Cyclophosphamide - ANSWER alkylates DNA
inferior vesical artery - ANSWER goes to fundus of bladder
corticobulbar tract of internal capsule - ANSWER composed of UMN of CNs, for
muscles of face, head, and neck all CNs except III, IV, VI
inhaled anthrax - ANSWER shows up as mediastinal widening on CXR
vaginosis and pH - ANSWER pH of greater than 4.5 is likely bacterial
insultation installers - ANSWER susceptible to asbestos
junctional rhythm - ANSWER pacemaker is the AV node. it usually presents without a P wave
or with an inverted P wave. Retrograde P waves refers to the depolarization from the AV node
back towards the SA node
ova in stool - ANSWER means one of the following: giardiasis
amebiasis
strongyloidosis
taeniasis
hyperhidrosis - ANSWER abnormally increased sweating
trichophytum rubrum - ANSWER most common cause of athlete's foot, jock itch,
ringworm
impetigo - ANSWER most common cause is staph aureus
kernig's sign - ANSWER can indicate either subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis
enterovirus 71 - ANSWER can cause hand foot mouth dz and severe neurological sx in
, children. responsible for small epidemics in 1970s
porphyromonas gingivalis - ANSWER is culprit in periodontal dz and is linked to
rheumatic fever
ascaris lumbricoides - ANSWER dxed by fecal smear, and is found in latin america
Balantidium coli - ANSWER In trophozoites, the two nuclei are visible. The macronucleus is
long and sausage-shaped, and the spherical micronucleus is nested next to it, often hidden by the
macronucleus. Balantidium is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans. Balantidiasis
is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the feco-oral route from the normal host, the
pig, where it is asymptomatic. Contaminated water is the most common mechanism of
transmission. In acute disease, explosive diarrhea may occur as often as every twenty minutes.
Perforation of the colon may also occur in acute infections which can lead to life-threatening
situations
Isosporiasis - ANSWER The coccidian parasite Isospora belli infects the epithelial cells of the
small intestine, and is the least common of the three intestinal coccidia that infect humans
(Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Isospora). Infection causes acute, nonbloody diarrhea with
crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss. In
immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhea can be severe. Eosinophilia
may be present (differently from other protozoan infections.
Cilostazol - ANSWER Cilostazol is approved for the treatment of intermittent
claudication
Quadrigeminal cistern - ANSWER Superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein
Duret haemorrhage - ANSWER Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding in the ventral
and paramedian parts of the upper brainstem, (midbrain and pons). They are secondary to raised
intracranial pressure with formation of a transtentorial pressure cone involving the cerebral
peduncles (crus cerebri) and other midbrain structures caused by raised pressure above the
tentorium.
Kernohan's notch is a groove in the cerebral peduncle that may be caused by this displacement of
the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium. The resulting ipsilateral hemiparesis is a false
localising sign,[3] known as the Kernohan-Woltman
syndrome.[4] This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and
subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass
1mo development - ANSWER focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound,
turns head to sound
2mo development - ANSWER Coos, fixe and follow, grasps, smiles responsively, lifts
head, turns head to sound
4mo development - ANSWER Coos/squeals/laughs, Bears weight, follow 180 degrees,
Grasps, Holds head/chest up, holds small toy, no head lag, reaches, rolls front to back,
