NUR 230 exam 3
Cardiac:
1. What would your kid not present with who has a heart defect?
○ High BMI
2. Is ASD cyanotic or acyanotic?
○ Acyanotic
3. Acyanotic =
○ problem with pulmonary blood flow, holes in septum, missing wall
4. Stenosis =
○ narrowing
5. Most common acyanotic congenital heart disease:
○ VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)
6. How to remember how many arteries and veins have in the naval
○ AVA 2 arteries + 1 Vein
7. What do we give ensure patency of ductus arteriosus in neonates?
○ Prostaglandins + indomethacin
8. What kind of murmur would we feel with PDA?
○ Machine-like murmur + widened pulse pressure + bounding pulse
9. Tet of Fallot (Know the four Problems). Squatting -knees to chest
○ Pulmonary Stenosis – Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or outflow tract, which
obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
○ Right Ventricular Hypertrophy – Thickening of the right ventricular muscle due to
increased workload from pumping against the pulmonary stenosis.
○ Overriding Aorta – The aorta is positioned over both ventricles instead of just the left,
allowing oxygen-poor blood to enter systemic circulation.
○ Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – A hole between the right and left ventricles, leading
to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
1
, 10. If a child is having a Tet spell (Hyper-cyanotic) What would we do?
○ Administer O2 + knee to chest position + calm approach + administer morphine
11. What would we see in a kid with a chronic cyanosis/chronic cyanotic heart defect?
○ Fingernail clubbing + might be exercise intolerant-have to catch a breath after playing
12. A patient has a congenital anomaly with low O2 sats, what would you expect to see?
○ Poor perfusion, clubbing of fingernails, and exercise intolerant
13. Coarctation of the aorta:
○ decreases pulses in lower body, upper body will have stronger pulse and high pressures
14. Heart Failure:
○ (R) sided is systemic (body), (L) sided is lungs, edema, breathing hard
15. If a kid has heart failure, on O2 and is crying, we would turn up the O2 while they are crying, then
turn it back down
16. If a kid has Ascites and Hepatomegaly where is that coming from?
○ (R) sided Heart Failure
17. If a kid has weight gain and has a heart defect, it is because of fluid
18. If you have an infant with a HR 140, would you give Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
○ YES
○ For infants- HR<90-110 we will not give
○ For children- HR<70 we will not give
19. If there is an infection of the heart (endocarditis)
○ You will treat with antibiotics
20. A nurse on a tele unit has 4 patients, which is priority?
○ 2 year old who is asleep with a HR of 100 -NO
○ 3 month old with a fever and a HR of 148 –NO
○ 5 year old running around with a HR of 110 –NO
○ 14 year old who is resting + watching TV with a HR of 120 –YES
2
Cardiac:
1. What would your kid not present with who has a heart defect?
○ High BMI
2. Is ASD cyanotic or acyanotic?
○ Acyanotic
3. Acyanotic =
○ problem with pulmonary blood flow, holes in septum, missing wall
4. Stenosis =
○ narrowing
5. Most common acyanotic congenital heart disease:
○ VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)
6. How to remember how many arteries and veins have in the naval
○ AVA 2 arteries + 1 Vein
7. What do we give ensure patency of ductus arteriosus in neonates?
○ Prostaglandins + indomethacin
8. What kind of murmur would we feel with PDA?
○ Machine-like murmur + widened pulse pressure + bounding pulse
9. Tet of Fallot (Know the four Problems). Squatting -knees to chest
○ Pulmonary Stenosis – Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or outflow tract, which
obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
○ Right Ventricular Hypertrophy – Thickening of the right ventricular muscle due to
increased workload from pumping against the pulmonary stenosis.
○ Overriding Aorta – The aorta is positioned over both ventricles instead of just the left,
allowing oxygen-poor blood to enter systemic circulation.
○ Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – A hole between the right and left ventricles, leading
to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
1
, 10. If a child is having a Tet spell (Hyper-cyanotic) What would we do?
○ Administer O2 + knee to chest position + calm approach + administer morphine
11. What would we see in a kid with a chronic cyanosis/chronic cyanotic heart defect?
○ Fingernail clubbing + might be exercise intolerant-have to catch a breath after playing
12. A patient has a congenital anomaly with low O2 sats, what would you expect to see?
○ Poor perfusion, clubbing of fingernails, and exercise intolerant
13. Coarctation of the aorta:
○ decreases pulses in lower body, upper body will have stronger pulse and high pressures
14. Heart Failure:
○ (R) sided is systemic (body), (L) sided is lungs, edema, breathing hard
15. If a kid has heart failure, on O2 and is crying, we would turn up the O2 while they are crying, then
turn it back down
16. If a kid has Ascites and Hepatomegaly where is that coming from?
○ (R) sided Heart Failure
17. If a kid has weight gain and has a heart defect, it is because of fluid
18. If you have an infant with a HR 140, would you give Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
○ YES
○ For infants- HR<90-110 we will not give
○ For children- HR<70 we will not give
19. If there is an infection of the heart (endocarditis)
○ You will treat with antibiotics
20. A nurse on a tele unit has 4 patients, which is priority?
○ 2 year old who is asleep with a HR of 100 -NO
○ 3 month old with a fever and a HR of 148 –NO
○ 5 year old running around with a HR of 110 –NO
○ 14 year old who is resting + watching TV with a HR of 120 –YES
2
