SOCIOL 2CC3 Test 2 Complete and Answers 2025/2026.

In the study of organ donation in Japan and Mexico discussed in class, which of the following statement is NOT true? Question 1 options: a) People in Japan and Mexico have similar concerns about organ harvesting after brain death. b) In Mexico many people don't trust hospital institutions to call brain death correctly. c) In Japan there is concern about desecration of the body which happens with harvesting organs. d) In Japan donor cards are co-signed by family members and death is seen as a family process or letting rather than an event. e) Brain death is seen differently in Japan compared to Western countries. People in Victorian England attached bells to their coffins for which reason? Question 2 options: a) They were afraid that they might auto-resuscitate after they were buried. b) It enabled families to visit the grave of the loved ones so they could communicate with them. c) They believed the bell would ward off evil spirits. d) They thought it was a nice decoration for their coffins. e) They believed that Christ might bring them back from death by performing a miracle for them like he for Lazarus. Next Page Sickness as a social phenomenon may include which of the following?:Question 3 options: The subjective experience of suffering An inflammatory response to tissue damage Refusal to engage in treatment due to cultural misunderstandings Altered expectations such as staying home from work Which of the following are examples of culture bound illnesses/folk illnesses? Question 4 options: a) koro, susto and Retired husband syndrome b) susto, anorexia and cancer c) heart disease and cancers caused by viruses d) all of the above Bioarchaeologists’ global studies of skeletons with lesions indicating that the individuals suffered from syphilis point toward which of the following conclusions? Question 5 options: a) Syphilis does not usually show lesions on the skeleton because people die before the bacteria that cau syphilis leave any marks. b) Syphilis existed in some form around the world for thousands of years prior to contact betwe Europeans and peoples in the Americas. c) The newer form of syphilis has only been around for about 100 years. d) Only Europeans suffered from syphilis because there were many wars where soldiers would contrac during war times and then bring it back to their families once the war was over.e) Christopher Columbus brought syphilis with him back from his voyages to the Americas where his cr contracted the disease from Indigenous peoples. Despite the fact that Western people are often said to be death-denying and reluctant to want to view dead bodies, which of the following indicates that this may not always be the case? Question 6 options: a) Celebration of Mexico's Day of the Dead b) Collections of skeletal parts that are sometimes on display in Catholic churches. c) Exhibits of plasticized bodies from donors in science museums. d) A and B only. e) A, B, and C. Which of the following statements are true about the field of paleopathology? Question 7 options: a) All diseases leave their mark on bones and therefore paleopathologists are able to decipher wh diseases were most common in past populations. b) Studying human skeletal remains from the past enables anthropologists to reveal the health effects major cultural and epidemiological transitions. c) The skeleton will react quite quickly to the presence of a disease in the body so that anthropologists c use paleopathology to study past diseases. d) The study of paleopathology is fundamental for anthropologists involved in forensic cases.e) All of the above. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the process of creating a mummy in ancient Egypt? Question 8 options: a) Wrapping the body in many layers of linen strips. b) The preservation of organs using natron to remove moisture. c) Placement of the mummy in a tomb without a case or sarcophagus so that the person would have ea access to the afterlife. d) Removal of most internal organs which were stored in canopic jars. e) Filling the body with aromatic spices and natron to remove moisture. The World Brain Death project was initiated for which of the following reasons? Question 9 options: a) Legal cases have been brought against some hospitals which bring in religious, philosophical, a cultural definitions of death which differ from the biomedical definition of brain death. b) Brain death is defined variously in different countries around the world and there is a need international harmonization. c) It is important to be clear about brain death because the harvesting of organs for transplants depends it. d) Definitions of brain death are debated around the world.e) All of the above reasons are true. Heavy reliance on the use of technology in diagnosis and treatment is characteristic of _______ healing systems. Question 10 options: Biomedical Humoral Community Hot/cold Lobster was once considered a ____________ food source that some indigenous communities in North America used as _____________. Question 11 options: a) highly nutritious, ceremonial meal for high-ranking elites b) cheap, bartering commodity c) survival, a last resort when fish stocks were limited d) lower value, fishing bait Food may be a marker of social position or status. As discussed in lecture, which of the following may be true about this statement? Question 12 options: a) The more available a food is, the more likely it will be associated with higher social status. b) Most people choose their food based on consideration of its nutritional value.c) Food cost is not related to its potential marker of social status. d) The foods that are associated with different economic classes are the same all over the world. e) Foods that mark certain social positions or economic classes may change over time. Which of the following can be considered to be a way that food is connected to culture? Question 13 options: a) A way of defining ethnic/cultural groups. b) A way of defining gender groups. c) Part of religious beliefs and a way of marking religious groups. d) A part of rituals that help humans interact socially e) All of the above. How does the documentary on Soul Food in the US incorporate the concept of embodied knowledge in its exploration of food practices? Question 14 options: a) By discussing the economic aspects of food production b) By demonstrating how traditional cooking methods are passed down through generations c) By showcasing the academic research on nutrition d) By analyzing marketing strategies of soul food restaurantsFood globalization and its associated industrialization may have which of the following benefits? Question 15 options: a) A decrease in foods that have hidden sugars, fats, and salt. b) An increase in consumption of local food. c) More access to high-quality foods for people living in poor communities in low-income countries. d) Improved nutrition for everyone. e) More year-round access to fruits and vegetables in countries with colder climates. Why did the Ju/'hoansi (or !Kung) ridicule Richard Lee when he brought them a large ox to celebrate Christmas? Question 16 options: a) Because they do not like the taste of oxen b) Because they felt that the procurement of an ox by a white Westerner was a reminder of the negat effects of colonialism c) Because they believe that no one in their community should boast about their achievements, includi food procurement. To do so would risk the development of hierarchies among people. d) Because it is against their religion to consume ox, cattle or shellfish The concept of "ecological imperialism" in relation to diet refers to: Question 17 options:a) The importation of crops from Europe b) The impact of colonialism on indigenous food systems and health c) The spread of invasive plant species d) Government control of food production e) Modern agricultural techniques The study of "food security" primarily focuses on: Question 18 options: a) Access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all people b) Military protection of food supplies c) Agricultural production d) Creating urban districts to control access to grocery stores e) Food preservation techniques Which of the following best describes the "protein-leverage hypothesis" in nutritional anthropology? Question 19 options: a) The belief that protein is the most important nutrient b) The concept that protein consumption drives economic developmentc) The idea that all cultures prioritize protein-rich foods d) The theory that humans stop eating when protein needs are met, regardless of total calories Which of the following best describes the "nutrition transition" observed in many developing countries? Question 20 options: a) The elimination of all imported foods from the diet b) A move toward exclusively plant-based diets c) A complete return to traditional dietary practices d) A shift from traditional diets to processed foods, increased sugar and fat consumption Which of the following statements most closely matches Eaton and Konner's reason for promoting the Paleolithic Diet (Prescription)? Question 21 options: a) Diets based on agriculture have caused a rise in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes a cardiovascular disease. b) Humans in the Paleolithic all more or less ate the same diet and it's easy for us to follow that diet tod c) Following the Paleolithic diet would be better for the environment than eating a diet based agriculture. d) There is good scientific evidence to show that ultraprocessed foods are bad for our health.e) There is evidence that human bodies have evolved since the Paleolithic and some humans can now dig foods like milk that weren't available to us before the Neolithic. A symbolic or interpretive explanation for the Jewish prohibition against pork would argue that: Question 22 options: pigs are too cute to eat raising pigs is maladaptive due to environmental circumstances pigs are too valuable to consume as food pigs are unclean and cannot be consumed pigs are revered as sacred animals Dogs are only consumed in cultures where: Question 23 options: a) They are used for hunting b) They are used for protection c) Dogs eat carbohydrates and not protein resources d) They are perceived to have no use, or other food resources are scarce e) B and D only According to the model of Nutrition Transition, the majority of humans are currently in which pattern? Question 24 options: a) Pattern 3: Receding Famineb) Pattern 4: Degenerative Disease c) Pattern 5: Behavioral Change d) A, B, and C e) None of the above. According to Myersohn, what is one reason why is Jell-o not as popular as it once was? Question 25 options: Because of the addition of yellow dye 0-98, which causes genetic defects Because it has ceased to be associated with youthfulness and 'fun' Because inflation has rendered it too expensive for most households None of the above Amelia was attacked by a lobster on a trip to Nova Scotia with her family when she was five years old. As a result, she won't consume lobster, but her family loves to eat it. Her aversion to lobster is best described as: Question 26 options: a food taboo a food preference a food trauma a food restriction Select the statement that best describes a gendered ritual among the Wodaabe: Question 27 options: Men participate in beauty pageants by wearing traditional face paint, singing and dancing to capture attention of womenAfter women find a good hiding place, men seek them out and kidnap them Men must impress the father of the women they desire by offering them money or valuables Male suitors must fight eat other to the death to prove they are worthy of a particular female Which of the following is not a macronutrient? Question 28 options: a) protein b) calcium c) carbohydrates d) fats e) None of the above Populations vary in their ability to digest lactose (main sugar) in milk because: Question 30 options: a) Some people don't like the taste of milk so they don't develop the ability to produce the enzyme lacta which helps the body to digest lactose. b) Milk wasn't available before the Agricultural Revolution and therefore no humans have biologica evolved to digest lactose in milk. c) Humans are mammals and therefore we can all digest milk after infancy and into adulthood. d) Some populations practiced dairying (domesticating cows, goats, etc. for their milk) and through natu selection they evolved so that their bodies produced the enzyme lactase into adulthood.e) Lactase persistence (ability to digest lactose) is a universal genetic trait among humans and the peo who say they can't digest lactose and drink milk are just being difficult. In forensics, which of the following does NOT affect the expression of disease? Question 31 options: Nutritional status Age of the individual Environmental conditions Immune response Stature of the individual Samples of microbes taken from corpses: Question 32 options: a) can help identify which types of microbes are/are not present at various hours and days post-morte thereby helping establish time of death b) can help identify a victim's sex c) show that victims of drug overdoses often have distinct communities of microbes compared to peo who died of natural causes d) all of the above e) A and C only According to the video you watched about The Body Farm in Tennessee, the facility currently obtains bodies through which of the following ways? Question 33 options:a) Informed donation of bodies by donors. b) Unclaimed bodies remaining at morgues. c) Recycling of individuals from crimes that have already been solved. d) Surplus bodies that come from anatomy labs where people have donated their bodies after death teaching purposes. e) All of the above ways. The following is/are often a reliable indicator for assessing the age of children (under 12) in a forensic sample: Question 34 options: The carotid artery Finger nails Teeth Ligaments of the neck The femur The timing and way that decomposition of the body occurs varies according to which of the following factors? Question 35 options: a) The environment (soil/water) in which the body is deposited. b) Whether the body is embalmed or not c) The historical period in which the person died.d) Both A and B e) A, B, and C The following represents one of the main goals of Body Farms: Question 36 options: a) to study factors affecting human decomposition b) to reconstruct the ethnic identities of those buried in Body Farms c) to help police understand why bones are prone to breaking post-mortem d) to understand post-mortem human-animal relationships e) A and B only Which of the following represent some of the bones that a forensic anthropologist can use to help determine the degree of epiphyseal union? Question 37 options: supraorbital ridge, inominate (a hip bone), and scapula scapula, ear lobes, and cheekbones clavicle, arm (radius, ulna, humerus), and leg (tibia, fibula, femur) arm (radius, ulna, humerus) and supraorbital ridge The body of Tollund Man exhibits remarkable preservation because: Question 38 options: he was found in permafrosthis body was maintained in temperatures below -40 degrees celsius he was buried in a peat bog he was buried in a dry cave none of the above The 'Day of the Dead' in Mexico is an example of: Question 39 options: a society that punishes people who do not leave offerings to ancestors a society which believes that death is final and that there is no afterlife a society that practices ongoing relationships with the deceased a society that forbids veneration of the deceased Which skeletal feature can help determine sex? Question 40 options: the size of the nasal cavity bone density pelvic hybridity subpubic angle of the pelvis stature In the video we watched in class about death in California and discussed in class, which perspectives about death could be viewed as specific to the US/Canada and even to California? Question 41 options: a) A desire to consider alternative ways of disposing of the body after death. b) Spiritual views about what happens after death which are not connected to any major religion. c) A communal view of death where family and one's community makes decisions about what shoulddone with the body after death. d) A and B only. e) A, B, and C. What view of the concept of "health" most closely matches and medical anthropologist's? Question 42 options: a) Health is a state of complete social, psychological and physical well-being. b) Health is an absence of disease. c) Health is about balance in the body and the whole person. d) What constitutes health varies geographically, socially and culturally and is situational and cultura specific. e) All of the above. Which of the following may be part of the healing process? Question 43 options: a) placebo effect b) symbolic healing c) social support d) A and B onlye) A, B, and C Archaeological studies of the material culture used in mortuary practices CANNOT shed light on which of the following piece of information about past societies and individuals? Question 44 options: a) Their attitudes to death through an analysis of the symbols used on gravestones. b) The wealth of the individuals who were buried. c) The birth and death dates if that material is inscribed on the gravestone. d) Changing styles in mortuary practices through time. e) The average life expectancy. One of the assigned articles discusses the discovery of a unique burial site from the Palaeolithic period. What makes this burial site particularly unusual compared to other known Palaeolithic burials? Question 45 options: a) The burial of individuals from different species, such as Homo sapiens and Neanderthals b) The presence of elaborate grave goods, such as jewelry and tools c) The inclusion of symbolic items that suggest early forms of religious or spiritual beliefs d) The intentional arrangement of the bodies in a specific, non-random pattern ne of the assigned articles discusses the discovery of a unique burial site from the Palaeolithicperiod. What makes this burial site particularly unusual compared to other known Palaeolithic burials? Question 45 options: a) The burial of individuals from different species, such as Homo sapiens and Neanderthals b) The presence of elaborate grave goods, such as jewelry and tools c) The inclusion of symbolic items that suggest early forms of religious or spiritual beliefs d) The intentional arrangement of the bodies in a specific, non-random pattern In one of the assigned articles, the author discusses the importance of a particular Palaeolithic burial site for understanding the development of human behaviour. Which of the following does she argue is one of the key insights gained from the study of this site? Question 46 options: a) It reveals the use of advanced tools that indicate technological sophistication beyond what w previously known b) It offers proof that Palaeolithic humans were the first to domesticate animals c) It shows that Palaeolithic humans had developed early forms of symbolic thought and ritual d) It provides evidence of early human use of fire for ritualistic purposes Next Page Page 46 of 50 According to one of the assigned articles, what key piece of evidence has been used to argue that Neanderthals might have engaged in burial practices? Question 47 options:a) Evidence of intentional body positioning and possible grave goods at certain Neanderthal sites b) The location of skeletal remains in deep caves, suggesting a ritualistic burial site c) The discovery of burial goods, such as tools and jewelry d) The presence of specialized burial chambers and crypts in Neanderthal settlements What was a cultural factor that led to the measles outbreak in Samoa in 2019? Question 48 options: a) The vaccination rate dropped to 31% of the population because anti-vaxxers were spreading news ab several infants dying due to incorrectly prepared vaccines. b) The Samoan government did not close schools or cancel public gatherings even though there wa measles outbreak. c) The Samoan government did not make vaccines available to the general public. d) The measles virus mutated and became more infectious and dangerous to children. e) All of the above reasons. Next Page One of the assigned articles argues that the scientific study of human remains can provide important insights into past cultures. Which of the following does the author emphasize as a benefit of studying ancient human burial practices? Question 49 options: a) The opportunity to understand past health, diet, and migration patternsb) The discovery of religious texts and written language c) The ability to reconstruct the exact social structure of ancient societies d) The revelation of ritualistic practices and the development of complex belief systems As discussed in lecture, anorexia is considered to be a culture-bound syndrome because: Question 50 options: a) It was, at least until recently, unique to Western nations (North America and Europe). b) It could be considered in part to be a reaction to media depictions of the ideal female body. c) It may in part be a political/social protest against consumption of food and material goods at time wh people in in wealthy nations are consuming more than ever before. d) It may be connected to the rise in global body mass/obesity. e) All of the above. Next Page