Anthro2B Final – Lecturers Update – A+
Graded Submission – 100% Verified Q&A for
Success
Hylobidtae characteristics - ✔✔brachiate, little sexual dimorphism in gibbons, ischial callosities,
monogamous, found in SE Asia
Hominidae breakes into which 3 subfamilies? - ✔✔Ponginae, gorilinae, hominiane
Oragutan location, traits, behaviors - ✔✔SE Asian islands of Bornea & Sumatra
humanlike facial features, big forehead
sexually dimorphic, solitary, up in trees often (supersensory, but do not brachiate), fist walk on the
ground
Gorilla location, behaviors - ✔✔Africa
saddle of gray hair on back when male gorilla is fully mature "silverback male"
sexually dimorphic, live in single male groups (1 male w many females), hang up in trees to pick fruit &
sleep, knuckle walk in daytime
Hominae break into which 2 genus? - ✔✔pan & homo
Chimpanzees location and behaviors - ✔✔Africa (2 species: common chimp & bonobo)
aggressive (big canines), closest relatives to humans, knuckle walk, grab fruit & sleep in trees, less sexual
dimorphism, females undergo estrus swelling, live in multi-male/female gorups, hunt & share food,
bonobos always having sex
,Primate body size & implications - ✔✔the larger the organism, the smaller the ratio of surface areas to
volume (mammals need to maintain constant body temp) & small animals lose body heat faster than
larger animals
small animals have faster metabolisms to generate more heat -> eat more food to fuel fast metabolism;
small primates eat energy rich foods (tree sap, insects) & large primates eat lower quality food (leaves)
define: metabolism - ✔✔sum total of all chemical reactions happening in the body
insects as % of diet in primates - ✔✔as primates increase in size, the smaller part of their diet is
composed of insects
catching insects is like a function of time & larger primates would need to eat more
leaves as % of diet in primates - ✔✔as size increase, they eat more leaves
larger primates have long digestive tracts with opportunities to break leaves down
Intermembral index & body size - ✔✔small primates leap & cling vertically & large primates swing
What is the intermembral index? - ✔✔arm length/leg length X 100
IMI = 100: arms & legs are same length
IMI > 100: arms are longer than legs (found in larger primates)
IMI < 100: legs are longer than arms (found in smaller primates)
Forms of primate locomotion - ✔✔vertical clinging & leaping (long legs, IMI<100)
, quadrupedalism- IMI=100, arms & legs are same length (arboreal quadruped, terrestrial quadruped,
semi-brachiation)
supersensory (brachiation- IMI >100, long arms moving fast between branches, ex: gibbon)
other supersensory (use all hands and feet)
bipedalism (long legs, IMI<100, ex: humans)
Define: home range - ✔✔total area utilized by organism/social group of organism
Define: territory - ✔✔area aggressively defended against intrusion, especially intrusion by con-specifics
usually subset of home range, 2 groups of animals might have overlapping home ranges
Define: con-specific - ✔✔creatures of same species
Forms of primate social organization - ✔✔solitary (1 organism defends territory)
mongamy (mated male/female defend territory)
polyandry (mated females w/ multiple males, males are important for caring for offspring)
single male groups
multi-male groups (adult males and females)
What is social organization? - ✔✔a means by which organisms are adjusted to their environment
Graded Submission – 100% Verified Q&A for
Success
Hylobidtae characteristics - ✔✔brachiate, little sexual dimorphism in gibbons, ischial callosities,
monogamous, found in SE Asia
Hominidae breakes into which 3 subfamilies? - ✔✔Ponginae, gorilinae, hominiane
Oragutan location, traits, behaviors - ✔✔SE Asian islands of Bornea & Sumatra
humanlike facial features, big forehead
sexually dimorphic, solitary, up in trees often (supersensory, but do not brachiate), fist walk on the
ground
Gorilla location, behaviors - ✔✔Africa
saddle of gray hair on back when male gorilla is fully mature "silverback male"
sexually dimorphic, live in single male groups (1 male w many females), hang up in trees to pick fruit &
sleep, knuckle walk in daytime
Hominae break into which 2 genus? - ✔✔pan & homo
Chimpanzees location and behaviors - ✔✔Africa (2 species: common chimp & bonobo)
aggressive (big canines), closest relatives to humans, knuckle walk, grab fruit & sleep in trees, less sexual
dimorphism, females undergo estrus swelling, live in multi-male/female gorups, hunt & share food,
bonobos always having sex
,Primate body size & implications - ✔✔the larger the organism, the smaller the ratio of surface areas to
volume (mammals need to maintain constant body temp) & small animals lose body heat faster than
larger animals
small animals have faster metabolisms to generate more heat -> eat more food to fuel fast metabolism;
small primates eat energy rich foods (tree sap, insects) & large primates eat lower quality food (leaves)
define: metabolism - ✔✔sum total of all chemical reactions happening in the body
insects as % of diet in primates - ✔✔as primates increase in size, the smaller part of their diet is
composed of insects
catching insects is like a function of time & larger primates would need to eat more
leaves as % of diet in primates - ✔✔as size increase, they eat more leaves
larger primates have long digestive tracts with opportunities to break leaves down
Intermembral index & body size - ✔✔small primates leap & cling vertically & large primates swing
What is the intermembral index? - ✔✔arm length/leg length X 100
IMI = 100: arms & legs are same length
IMI > 100: arms are longer than legs (found in larger primates)
IMI < 100: legs are longer than arms (found in smaller primates)
Forms of primate locomotion - ✔✔vertical clinging & leaping (long legs, IMI<100)
, quadrupedalism- IMI=100, arms & legs are same length (arboreal quadruped, terrestrial quadruped,
semi-brachiation)
supersensory (brachiation- IMI >100, long arms moving fast between branches, ex: gibbon)
other supersensory (use all hands and feet)
bipedalism (long legs, IMI<100, ex: humans)
Define: home range - ✔✔total area utilized by organism/social group of organism
Define: territory - ✔✔area aggressively defended against intrusion, especially intrusion by con-specifics
usually subset of home range, 2 groups of animals might have overlapping home ranges
Define: con-specific - ✔✔creatures of same species
Forms of primate social organization - ✔✔solitary (1 organism defends territory)
mongamy (mated male/female defend territory)
polyandry (mated females w/ multiple males, males are important for caring for offspring)
single male groups
multi-male groups (adult males and females)
What is social organization? - ✔✔a means by which organisms are adjusted to their environment
