ANTHROP 1AA3: SEX, FOOD AND DEATH | ANTHROP 1AA3 Midterm Exam, Answered Correctly 100% Fall 2025/26.

ANTHROP 1AA3 MIDTERM EXAM Q&A_2025. According to analyses of their bones, dental calculus, and fecal samples, Neanderthals are thought by anthropologists to have eaten which types of foods? Question 1 options: a) Only meat b) Mostly meat with some plant foods c) Only plant foods d) Hard nuts and seeds As an archaeologist, if you find sickle blades (for cutting plants) and pottery on an 11,000 year old site in the Middle East, then this may indicate: Question 2 options: a) that the society is about to collapse b) either a transition toward agriculture, or the full adoption of it c) a strictly hunting and gathering mode of subsistence d) the development of a hierarchical religious complex Which of the following statements about the prehistoric archaeological site of Cahokia found in Southwestern Illinois is correct? Question 3 options: a) Everyone at Cahokia farmed and produced their own food. b) Cahokia was built after Europeans came to the North America. Which of the following statements is true about non-human primate diets? Question 4 options: a) They are diverse. b) They are limited to fruit and leaves. c) They are similar to human diets. d) All of the above Which is the correct order of time periods as taught in lecture regarding the evolution of Homo sapiens and their diets? Question 5 options: a) Mesolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic b) Neolithic, Mesolithic, Paleolithic c) Mesolithic, Paleolithic, Neolithic d) Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic Which of the following statements about the !Kung San hunter-gatherers is NOT true? Question 6 options: a) Gathering plant foods was shown to be more important to their diet compared to hunting. b) Women, as gatherers, were important contributors to the overall energy intake. c) Ethnographic research about the !Kung San supported the idea through ethnographic analogy that role of men as hunters was pivotal to human evolution. d) The !Kung people had high dietary diversity with over 100 edible plant foods. Which of the following statements is true about Homo erectus? Question 7 options: a) They probably scavenged because their tools were not sophisticated enough for organized hunting. b) Their brain size (cranial capacity) is about the same as that of Homo habilis. c) Their fossils have only been found in Africa. d) They probably hunted in an organized manner and may have cooked their food. Which of the following was not a consequence of agriculture for humanity? Question 8 options: a) Destruction of the environment b) Rise of less stratified (less egalitarian) societies c) Decrease in epidemic diseases d) Changed diets Which of the following statements about the genus Homo is NOT true? Question 9 options: Which of the following types of data have enabled anthropologists to reconstruct our hominin ancestors’ diets? Question 10 options: a) Isotopic (chemical) analysis of their skeletal or dental remains b) Ethnographic analogy c) Analysis of the paleofauna and flora d) All of the above Some anthropologists see value in combining sex and gender into terms Gender/Sex or Sex/Gender because... Question 11 options: a) Sex and gender are basically the same thing. b) Sex and gender are concepts that are entangled and can influence one another. c) Anthropologists think that gender is determined by the biological sex of an individual. d) All of the above. As discussed in class and/or in the textbook, which of the following is NOT an example of a ritual where gender is performed? Question 12 options: a) engagement in public physical challenges b) the quinceañera c) beauty contests d) extramarital sex In Chapter 5 of the textbook, the author illustrates the development of masculine identity among Dominican and Puerto Rican students. Which of the following behaviours is described as part of this process? Question 13 options: a) Discussion of penises and referring to male classmates as girls or feminine. b) Driving around in fast cars. c) Keeping details about their own pubertal development to themselves. d) Listening to music by wholesome singers. Which attributes of the feminine gender are considered stereotypical in Western societies? Question 14 options: a) visual-spatial and verbal b) verbal and emotional c) provider and nurturer d) competitive and emotional According to what we learned in class, men having sex with men/boys was considered... Question 15 options: a) an institutionalized or ritualized practice in places like ancient Greece and among ethnic groups in Pa New Guinea. b) to be something that has only occurred in human societies in recent history. c) acceptable in pro-natalist societies (those that seek to increase the population). d) to be common and accepted as part of normal sexual behaviour among the Aka, hunter-gatherers in Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. Hegemonic femininity can involve disciplining the body. In which of the following ways are female bodies disciplined? Question 16 options: a) through dieting culture b) staying quiet or submissive in behaviour c) obeying the norms of society and not protesting d) All of the above According to Judith Butler, who developed the gender as performance theory, which statement is NOT true about gender? Question 17 options: a) We have a say in our gender identities. b) Everyone has a theory of what gender should be. c) An assault on gender is an assault on democracy. d) What it is to be a man or woman is pre-determined. According to what we learned in this course, hegemonic gender norms can affect people through which of the following ways? Question 18 options: a) They make it easier for people to know how to behave according to their gender. b) They allow for some stability in a constantly changing social environment. c) They allow people to figure out which careers they should pursue based on their particular gender. d) They can oppress people who feel they can't live up to the standards of the gender with which t identify. According to anthropologists, which of the following statements about the performance of sexuality is true? Question 19 options: a) It is determined by biology. b) Sexual restrictiveness and tolerance of homosexuality vary by culture. c) Same sex sexuality was not present in any past societies because it was considered amoral. d) All of the above. Which of the following was NOT discussed in class as an example of ways that sexuality is performed in different cultures? Question 20 options: a) Chukchi men engaging in sex with the host's wife while visiting another household b) Christian missionaries believed that sexual intercourse between men and women could only happen f to face with the man on top. c) Adult men mentoring adolescent boys in social and sexual adulthood in ancient Greece d) Boys engaging in sexual practices with adult men as part of manhood initiation in some ethnic group Papua New Guinea and Melanesia You might find an anthropologists studying the following: Question 21 options: a) Marine biologists with undersea labs b) Artisanal cheese makers c) The artifacts from a sunken Spanish ship in the Mediterranean sea d) All of the above According to chapter 1 of the textbook, two anthropologists who travelled to Cameroon to do fieldwork were surprised because... Question 22 options: a) the people in Cameroon wanted to share their food with them. b) people in Cameroon had social relations that were based on their work in cocoa industry. c) their night watchman wanted to collect termites from their veranda. d) the people they worked with told them details about their lives that were intimate. Which of the following is NOT a reason why students should study anthropology? Question 23 options: Which of the following activities would an applied anthropologist most likely NOT be involved in? Question 24 options: a) Working at Microsoft to help the company understand how technology can be more effective for yo women of colour. b) Providing background information to First Nations and government agencies during land clai negotiations d) Conducting participant observation in an immigrant resettlement organization to understand what s of supports immigrants most need when they arrive in Canada. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main subfields of anthropology? Question 25 options: a) archaeology b) biological anthropology c) sociocultural anthropology In North America, most individuals would not consider pizza to be appropriate for breakfast, but would happily consume it for lunch or dinner. From an anthropological perspective, what does this demonstrate? Question 26 options: a) That pizza preparation takes a long time and would not make for an efficient morning meal. b) That food, and its appropriate edibility and meaning, are culturally constructed. c) That North American culture does not appreciate the food value of pizza d) That for biological reasons, pizza does not digest well until later in the day. In the video about careers in anthropology assigned in week 1, they state that: Question 27 options: a) 60% of anthropologists are evenly split between careers in the non-profit work, government work, self employment b) almost no anthropologists are employed in private for profit businesses c) anthropologists rarely work on policy or in the government but they are very commonly employed by corporations like Google because of their expertise in culture and technology. d) forensic anthropologists can only work as professors and are not hired by law enforcment agencies. Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of cultural relativism? Question 28 options: Which of the following anthropologists might engage in field work? Question 29 options: a) sociocultural anthropologists b) linguistic anthropologists c) biological anthropologists d) All of the above. Which anthropologist shown in class did an ethnography of heavy metal music which was later turned into a documentary film? Question 30 options: a) Michel Bouchard b) Owen Simple c) Christine Schreyer d) Sam Dunn What are secondary sex characteristics? Question 31 options: a) Physical characteristics that exist in both sexes b) Physical characteristics that make someone more desirable sexually c) Physical differences between the sexes that occur later in life after middle adulthood. d) Physical characteristics that differ between the sexes that are not directly related to reproduction Extreme sexual dimorphism is not always the case for orangutans in the wild because of which of the following discoveries? Question 32 options: a) Adult female orangs are on average bigger than adult male orangs. b) For all non-human primates sexual dimorphism only occurs in zoos. c) Adult male orangs don't always grow big and develop huge flanges on their faces. d) Sexual dimorphism is socially constructed. While it is popularly believed that testosterone causes aggression and violent behaviour, as learnt in this course, what observation challenges this assumption? Question 33 options: a) Females do not have any testosterone and therefore are less aggressive than males. b) Male bonobos and male chimps are similarly aggressive towards other members of their troop and th because they have high levels of testosterone. c) There is proof that all males are more aggressive than females because they have higher levels testosterone. d) There is cross-cultural variation in male aggression that is affected by more than male testoster levels. Indigenous people who identify or perform roles that are distinct from dichotomous feminine or masculine roles or identities are referred to by Indigenous people as ? Question 34 options: b) homosexuals c) berdache d) all of the above names Which of the following statements is NOT true about two-spirited people? Question 35 options: a) They participate in roles and activities that differed from their biological sex as defined at birth. b) They exist among approximately 150 Indigenous societies. d) In Navajo society they often occupy roles as spiritual healers and leaders. The bonobos sex can be described as... Question 36 options: a) exclusively heterosexual. c) a behaviour that is mostly practiced for reproductive purposes. d) similar to the way chimps do it. Which of the following ways of governing sexual activity can be found in most human societies? Question 37 options: a) marriage b) incest taboo c) cultural rules and expectations d) All of the above. The sworn virgins of the Balkans were... Question 38 options: a) women who did not have heterosexual intercourse and adopted male roles in order to have more right their society. b) spiritual leaders in the Christian church. c) men who took a vow of chastity (i.e. refrained from all sexual intercourse). d) intersex people who always identified as males. Which form of marriage in human societies is currently least common? Question 39 options: a) polygyny b) polygamy c) polyandry d) monogamy Biological distinctions such as the chromosomal, hormonal or physical differences between males and females is referred to as: Question 40 options: a) Gender Performativity b) Gender c) Sexuality d) Sex According to the textbook, anthropologists have more recently begun to study gender inequality in which of the following ways? Question 41 options: a) Recognizing the connection between colonialism and anthropology, and questioning anthropologi authority to represent peoples' lives. b) Studying masculinity and the ideas and practices of manhood. c) Privileging the voices of marginalized women. d) All of the above. Which of the following ideas is correctly associated with the fourth wave of feminism? Question 42 options: a) the notion that women are destined to be unequal to men because of their biology b) intersectionality, a recognition of gender rights beyond the binary, and the need to recognize gen violence c) the belief that only white women can be feminists d) the belief that trans women are not real women Which of the following statements about sexual violence in Canada is true? Question 43 options: a) It is less likely to affect Indigenous, racialized, 2STLGBQIA+, northern/rural/remote residents. b) Sexual violence is systemic, i.e., it's not just about particular people who commit acts of sexual viole but rather a failure of systems to prevent and protect people from sexual violence. c) 97% of perpetrators of sexual violence are men and therefore men are not victims of sexual violenc d) More than 50% of sexual assaults in postsecondary institutions (colleges and universities) take plac the end of the academic year when students are starting to unwind. Intersectionality is best defined as... Question 44 options: a) The recognition that we must look beyond the gender binary to consider other gender identities like n binary. b) The recognition that there are multiple intersecting factors (e.g. race, class, and disability) that contrib c) A recognition that a society where men and women are most egalitarian is one where they are often separate spheres but are equal in the ways they intersect. d) The recognition that women are assigned to a nature that intersects with their ability to have and f babies. Prior to the arrival of settlers in North America, Haudenosaunee women had more equality compared to European settlers because... Question 45 options: a) they held political positions as clan mothers. b) they had less restrictive clothing. c) they chose their chief. According to what we learned in class, some archaeologists have used feminist and queer theory to challenge which assumption related to figurines depicting women that are dated to Upper Paleolithic, the so-called "Venus" statues? Question 46 options: a) The assumption that they were used to induce fertility. b) The assumption that they were fakes. d) The assumption that they depict feminine figures. Which of the following statements about sexual violence is false? Question 47 options: a) Individuals who experience sexual violence recover on similar timelines. b) Sexual harassment is a violation of both the Human Rights Code in Ontario and the Sexual Viole Policy at McMaster. c) Anyone, regardless of gender identity, can perpetrate or experience sexual violence. d) Sexual violence is gendered and intersects with other forms of oppression. According to what was said in lecture, women's status in a society is often higher in which situations? Question 48 options: a) When women do not produce the majority of food as in hunter-gatherer societies where most of the f is produced by men through hunting. b) Where women are not solely responsible for childcare such as in Scandinavia where fathers are requi to take parental leave. c) Where women are mostly responsible for childcare and are granted generous maternity leaves. d) All of the above are true. According to a survey of adults in India, as discussed in class, which of the following statements is true? Question 49 options: a) The majority disagree with the notion that wives should obey their husbands. b) The majority agree that wives should obey their husbands and see men as better political leaders t women. c) The majority see women and men as equally good political leaders. d) The majority see men as better political leaders than women. Debate in anthropology about the origins of women's inequality centered around which of the following points? Question 50 options: a) Anthropologists from developing or so-called "Third World" countries and Black anthropologists arg that White women have different priorities. b) Gender is one factor among many when considering inequalities. c) Genders are more egalitarian in hunter-gatherer societies. d) Women's lower status is universal because women are assigned to "nature" and men to "cultu (civilization).