UCLA Anthro 1 Midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7w4sf0
1. Natural Selection: Evolution by variation and selective retention
2. Morphology: an organism's size, shape, and composition
3. Stabilizing Selection: Selection required to change a population and then keep
it the same for future generations
4. species: dynamic population of individuals
5. individual selection: adaptation results from the competition among individuals
6. continuous: grade slowly from one extreme to another
7. discontinuous: several distinct types exist with no intermediates
8. convergence: evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species
9. blending inheritence: mother and father contribute a hereditary substance that
mixes
10. Copernicus: (1473-1543) Believed sun is center of the universe
11. Galileo: (1564-1643) Use of quantitative experiments and precise measurement
12. Newton: (1643-1727) Earth and other celestial beings governed by same laws
of nature - physics
13. Age of Exploration: Time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when
Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China
and India. Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans.
14. Lyell: (1797-1875) British geologist who believed in geographical uniformitari-
anism
15. Law of Uniformitarianism: the idea that the same processes we see occurring
now also occurred in the past
16. Law of Stratigraphic Superposition: sedimentary laters are deposited in se-
quence, oldest on the bottom, youngest on the top
17. Georges Couvier: (1769-1832) French naturalist and zoologist who compared
fossils with living species. Established extinction and proposed idea of catastrophic
extinction
18. catastrophic extinction: Abrupt and global changes cause synchronous extinc-
tions at a geological boundary, with few if any survivors
19. Thomas Malthus: (1766-1834) Geometric increase in populations and arith-
metic increase in food supply
20. carrying capacity: the largest number of individuals that a given environment
can support
21. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: (1749-1829) orthogenesis, evolution abides by natural
law, complexity increases over time, logical thinker about evolutionary mechanism -
no one guides change
22. Lamarck first law: use and disuse - unused features tend to fade over time
23. Lamarck second law: inheritance of acquired characteristics - wrong
24. speciation: differentiation between living species
1/8
, UCLA Anthro 1 Midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7w4sf0
25. Charles Darwin: (1809-1882) voyage of the beagle, origin of species, descent
of man and selection in relation to sex, sexual selection
26. Alfred r wallace: (1823-1913) naturalist, animals changed dramatically in one
location (a trench in Southeast Asia), simultaneously derived a theory of natural
selection
27. Struggle for existance: Darwin postulate 1
28. variation related to survival and reproduction: Darwin postulate 2
29. variation is passed from generation to generation: Darwin postulate 3
30. Gregor Mendel: (1822-1884) Austrian scientist and monk who is considered
the founder of the science of genetics. His quantitative analysis of the inheritance of
certain traits in pea plants allowed him to deduce two fundamental principles known
as the laws of Mendelian
31. Variants: traits with only two forms
32. crosses: matings
33. f0 generation: original founding population
34. f1 generation: offspring of original founders
35. gamete: egg or sperm
36. independent assortment: Independent segregation of genes during the forma-
tion of gametes
37. chromosome: small linear body contained in every cell and replicated during
cell division
38. mitosis: ordinary cell division that creates 2 copies of chromosomes present in
nucleus
39. nucleus: body in center of cell
40. diploid organisms: have two copies of each chromosome
41. meiosis: cell division that produces gametes
42. haploid: cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome
43. zygote: single cell formed through fertilization that divides mitotically
44. allele: variety of a single gene
45. homozygous: 2 copies of the same allele
46. heterozygous: copies of 2 different alleles
47. genotype: particular combination of genes or alleles that an individual carries
48. phenotype: observable characteristics
49. dominant: individuals with one allele of this type have same phenotype as those
with two
50. recessive: no effect on phenotype in heterzygotes
51. recombination: sexual reproduction shuffles genes that affect different traits
52. crossing over: creates chromosomes with combinations of genes not present
in parents
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7w4sf0
1. Natural Selection: Evolution by variation and selective retention
2. Morphology: an organism's size, shape, and composition
3. Stabilizing Selection: Selection required to change a population and then keep
it the same for future generations
4. species: dynamic population of individuals
5. individual selection: adaptation results from the competition among individuals
6. continuous: grade slowly from one extreme to another
7. discontinuous: several distinct types exist with no intermediates
8. convergence: evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species
9. blending inheritence: mother and father contribute a hereditary substance that
mixes
10. Copernicus: (1473-1543) Believed sun is center of the universe
11. Galileo: (1564-1643) Use of quantitative experiments and precise measurement
12. Newton: (1643-1727) Earth and other celestial beings governed by same laws
of nature - physics
13. Age of Exploration: Time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when
Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China
and India. Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans.
14. Lyell: (1797-1875) British geologist who believed in geographical uniformitari-
anism
15. Law of Uniformitarianism: the idea that the same processes we see occurring
now also occurred in the past
16. Law of Stratigraphic Superposition: sedimentary laters are deposited in se-
quence, oldest on the bottom, youngest on the top
17. Georges Couvier: (1769-1832) French naturalist and zoologist who compared
fossils with living species. Established extinction and proposed idea of catastrophic
extinction
18. catastrophic extinction: Abrupt and global changes cause synchronous extinc-
tions at a geological boundary, with few if any survivors
19. Thomas Malthus: (1766-1834) Geometric increase in populations and arith-
metic increase in food supply
20. carrying capacity: the largest number of individuals that a given environment
can support
21. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: (1749-1829) orthogenesis, evolution abides by natural
law, complexity increases over time, logical thinker about evolutionary mechanism -
no one guides change
22. Lamarck first law: use and disuse - unused features tend to fade over time
23. Lamarck second law: inheritance of acquired characteristics - wrong
24. speciation: differentiation between living species
1/8
, UCLA Anthro 1 Midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7w4sf0
25. Charles Darwin: (1809-1882) voyage of the beagle, origin of species, descent
of man and selection in relation to sex, sexual selection
26. Alfred r wallace: (1823-1913) naturalist, animals changed dramatically in one
location (a trench in Southeast Asia), simultaneously derived a theory of natural
selection
27. Struggle for existance: Darwin postulate 1
28. variation related to survival and reproduction: Darwin postulate 2
29. variation is passed from generation to generation: Darwin postulate 3
30. Gregor Mendel: (1822-1884) Austrian scientist and monk who is considered
the founder of the science of genetics. His quantitative analysis of the inheritance of
certain traits in pea plants allowed him to deduce two fundamental principles known
as the laws of Mendelian
31. Variants: traits with only two forms
32. crosses: matings
33. f0 generation: original founding population
34. f1 generation: offspring of original founders
35. gamete: egg or sperm
36. independent assortment: Independent segregation of genes during the forma-
tion of gametes
37. chromosome: small linear body contained in every cell and replicated during
cell division
38. mitosis: ordinary cell division that creates 2 copies of chromosomes present in
nucleus
39. nucleus: body in center of cell
40. diploid organisms: have two copies of each chromosome
41. meiosis: cell division that produces gametes
42. haploid: cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome
43. zygote: single cell formed through fertilization that divides mitotically
44. allele: variety of a single gene
45. homozygous: 2 copies of the same allele
46. heterozygous: copies of 2 different alleles
47. genotype: particular combination of genes or alleles that an individual carries
48. phenotype: observable characteristics
49. dominant: individuals with one allele of this type have same phenotype as those
with two
50. recessive: no effect on phenotype in heterzygotes
51. recombination: sexual reproduction shuffles genes that affect different traits
52. crossing over: creates chromosomes with combinations of genes not present
in parents
2/8
