NR 228 FINAL Review Exam Questions With Multiple Choices And Accurate Answers.

Glucose is the main source of energy for ___? - correct answer the brain and nerves What are the fat soluble vitamins? - correct answer A, D, E, K What are some food sources for monounsaturated fatty acids? - correct answer olive oil, peanuts, avocado, canola oil What are some food sources for polyunsaturated fatty acids? - correct answer vegetable oils, fish, margarine, What type of cholesterol increases risk of CAD when elevated? - correct answer LDL Where are nonessential amino acids found? - correct answer created in the body When is a positive nitrogen balance common? - correct answer growing children, pregnant women, people recovering from illness or injury When is a negative nitrogen balance common? - correct answer aging adults, physical illness, extreme stress, starvation, surgery, eating disorders What effect does the acid- base balance have on proteins? - correct answer if not balance then proteins become denatured and are not able to perform their usual functions Whats the function of hemoglobin? - correct answer transports oxygen in the blood What is a complete protein? - correct answer contains all nine essential amino acids What are high quality proteins? - correct answer contain best balance of essential amino acids and are easily digested What are food sources for high quality protein? - correct answer Eggs, human milk What is an incomplete protein? - correct answer lacks one or more EAA and will not support life What are some incomplete proteins? - correct answer plant foods What is a vegan? - correct answer No animal products at all What is a lacto-vegetarian? - correct answer no animal products except dairy Whats an ovo-lacto vegetarian? - correct answer no animal products except dairy and egs What is marasmus? - correct answer Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin What is Kwashiorkor? - correct answer Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake What are some food sources of B1 Thiamine? - correct answer lean pork, whole grains and flours, legumes, seeds and nuts What is Beriberi? - correct answer Bi Thiamine deficiency. Ataxia and tachycardia What are some food sources for Folate? - correct answer leafy green veggies, legumes, fortified grain cereals What is Scurvy? - correct answer Vitamin C deficiency, gingivitis, joint and limb aches, bruising, death What is the cause of Rickets? - correct answer Vitamin D deficiency What are some food sources for Vitamin D? - correct answer animal related foods (butter, egg, liver) What are some possible complications of Iodine Deficiency? - correct answer Cretinism in pregnancy, goiter Diet for Congestive Heart Failure? - correct answer Reduce Sodium intake What is the function of Vit B12? - correct answer Transport and storage of folate What are some clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency? - correct answer pernicious anemia and CNS damage Who is most at risk for a vitamin B12 deficiency? - correct answer Vegans and vegetarians What is a clear liquid diet? - correct answer Only foods that are clear liquid at room temperature (should not be used more than 24 hours) What is a full liquid diet? - correct answer For patients who have difficulty swallowing, and liquids (juices) Enteral vs Parenteral - correct answer Enteral is through GI tract (nasogastric), Parenteral is through central line What happens to the body during starvation? - correct answer It uses stored carb, protein and fat to meet energy demands, decline in metabolic rate to prolong survival Whats the difference between stress and starvation related weight loss? - correct answer During stress metabolic rate increases, starvation it decreases to prolong life Nutrition therapy for burn victims? - correct answer fluid and electrolyte replacement Nutrition therapy for someone with wasting syndrome/HIV/AIDS? - correct answer increase kcal and protein without expanding food volume What foods should be avoided with calcium based renal calculi? - correct answer chocolate, spinach, rubarb, nuts, strawberries, tea (foods that increase oxalate) What is diverticulitis? - correct answer inflammation of the diverticuli in the colon Nutritional Therapy for diverticulitis? - correct answer liquid diet may be recommended temporarily, low fiber! What diet is recommended for a patient on dialysis? - correct answer low sodium, phosphorus, and potassium Foods that should be avoided for patients with IBS? - correct answer Fruits, diary, wheat, legumes, beans Whats the normal range for HDL? - correct answer 40-59 Whats the normal range for LDL - correct answer under 100 is optimal Whats the normal range for cholesterol? - correct answer under 200