Study Updates Real Set
Three essential drivers that must be achieved to generate positive characteristics in project teams ANS
Cohesiveness, Trust, Motivation
The five stages Dr. Bruce Tuckman (1965) introduced of group development ANS Forming, Storming,
Norming, Performing, Adjourning
Forming ANS In this stage, team members may be meeting for the first time. Often, no one really knows
much about anyone else on the team. It may be premature to refer to this group of individuals as a team. It is a
time of introduction and forming relationships and understanding from exchange of information.
Storming ANS Team members are beginning to know about each other, but they do not yet understand how
to work together. Members may "jockey for position" within the team. The dynamics of working together
beyond any written statement of "roles and responsibilities" are being established. Personalities surface,
showing the strengths, weaknesses, and personal needs of each individual on the team. Integration into a team
may come with some struggle and conflict.
Norming ANS Team members have "figured out" how they will interact with each other. Working
relationships are beginning to form. Trust and understanding is beginning to form between team members.
They are beginning to feel comfortable working together and openly and willingly sharing information.
Performing ANS Team members are fully comfortable working together. Trust has been developed.
Working relationships have jelled. Work is being conducted and project progress is occurring.
Adjourning ANS This only occurs when all the team's work has been completed and the team is no longer
required. This may occur at any time in the project life cycle.
Co-located Teams ANS involves team members physically working at the same location or holding project
meetings together in a common setup.
Virtual Teams ANS are teams whose members interact primarily through electronic communications.
Members of a virtual team may be within the same building or across continents.
,Two common situations occur that may prompt a change to the baseline scope ANS The scope may be
expanded to include additional functionality or the scope may be diminished due to changes in the project
environment such as reduced funding or requirements or changing time/due date.
Scope creep ANS occurs when the project team integrates enhancements to the scope without proper
evaluation and approval.
work performance data ANS will identify the work activities that are completed, partially completed, or
not started.
risk register ANS is a list of potential risks, how the risks will be monitored, and what action will be taken
should the risk event occur.
corrective action ANS is a document issued to identify quality failures and how they will be corrected. The
deliverable itself may need to be reworked and the project plan may need to be revised to ensure that future
deliverables do not include the same error.
The Four Categories of Change ANS Contingency plans, improvement changes, external events, scope
change
The change management system ANS is in place to formally identify, evaluate, decide, and communicate
project changes.
Recording ANS is the process of documenting and archiving project-related information.
Reporting ANS is a key nonverbal communications methodology used to inform and to document project
information.
Weekly status reports that are often working documents for the team to communicate: ANS
Accomplishments, Issues, Schedules, Resource utilization
Monthly status reports for senior stakeholders that would include: ANS Project overview bragging about
progress, Issues including red light (critical) problems needing immediate resolution, yellow light items that
are warning flags, and resolved issues, Current accomplishments, Future plans for the next month, Resource
utilization and plans
,Monthly Financial Report ANS showing progress against the budget quantifying monies spent and planned
to be spent and identifying issues with recommendations for resolution
Change management reporting ANS showing changes identified, requiring approval, and resolution.
Project controls ANS are the data gathering, management, and analytical processes used to predict,
understand, and constructively influence the time and cost outcomes of a project or program.
Three Aspects of Project Quality ANS quality management, quality assurance, and quality control.
Quality management ANS is the process of identifying the customer's requirements and how they will be
measured.
Quality assurance ANS is the process of validating that the requirements and measurements are appropriate
for the project environment.
Quality control ANS is the process of monitoring and changing project execution to ensure that activities
are being executed as planned and will result in meeting the customer requirements. It is the monitoring and
controlling process that occurs during project execution.
Standards ANS are requirements that are generally accepted by a group of firms that produce similar
products or services.
Requirements ANS are what the customer needs to achieve from the completed project.
Quality audits ANS are rigorous reviews of the project performance. These reviews are often completed by
groups of experts outside of the project team such as a company's quality assurance (QA) department or an
outside consultant.
positive outcomes of the audit ANS Identifying issues before we go into production
Identifying best practices that can be adopted by future project teams
Identifying lessons learned that can improve performance on other projects
, Identifying problems that can be corrected before additional costs are incurred
Checklists ANS are one way of monitoring that activities/tasks have been addressed and one method of
assuring that all needed documents are written.
project charters ANS contain enough information to understand who the project sponsor and project
manager are, the purpose the project, a general idea of the scope, budget, and schedule.
Statement of Work (SOW) ANS defines the project's outcomes in terms of objectives, specific
deliverables, acceptance criteria, technical requirements, milestones, constraints, and assumptions.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) ANS is a methodical deconstruction of deliverables into activities and
then tasks to be performed. It details each activity that must be completed.
living documents ANS are all planning documents
project scope ANS describes how the project outcomes will be created. Documents the customer's
expectations with regard to when the project will be completed (the time/schedule constraint) and how much
the completed project will cost (the budget or cost constraint).
Evolution of the Scope Statement ANS Initial Scope (defining phase), Approved Scope Statement
(planning phase), scope management (executing phase), scope verification (closing phase)
product scope ANS is used to describe the portion of the scope statement that defines the features and
functions of the project outcome or deliverables.
project scope statement ANS represents a mutual understanding between the customer and the project
team.
project requirement ANS is a characteristic, function, or capability that must be present in the project final
outcome.
Project deliverables ANS are the features and functions of the project outcome that form the product scope.