Chapter;01:;The;Evolution;of;Professional;Nursing;Cherry;and;Jacob:;Contemporary;Nursing:;Issues,;Trend
s,;and;Management,;8th;Edition;.
MULTIPLE;CHOICE;:
1. What;accomplishment;is;Clara;Barton;best;known;for?
2.
a. Becoming;the;first;black;public;health;nurse
b. Establishing; the; Henry; Street; Settlement
c. Founding; the; American; Red; Cross
d. Publicizing; the; inadequacies; of; hospital-based; nursing; schools
ANS:; C
The;American;Red;Cross;was;founded;by;Clara;Barton;in;1882,;to;be;of;assistance;in;efforts;to;provide;s
upplies;to;the;battlefields;and;hospitals.;Barton;also;sets;up;a;postwar;service;to;find;missing;soldiers.
DIF: Knowledge
2. Students;are;assigned;to;write;to;their;state;leaders;about;an;issue;affecting;their;community.;One;studen
t;writes;about;the;need;among;rural;community;for;greater;access;to;acute;care;services.;Which;piece;of;l
egislation;should;the;student;use;as;a;reference?
a. Social;Security;Act
b. Hill-Burton; Act
c. Sheppard-Towner; Act
d. U.S.;Civil;Service;Act
ANS:; B
The;purpose;of;the;Hill-
Burton;Act;was;to;provide;funding;to;construct;hospitals;and;to;help;states;in;plan;for;other;health;care;fac
ilities;in;accordance;with;the;needs;of;communities.
DIF: Knowledge
3. The;practice;of;public;health;nursing;and;the;Henry;Street;Settlement;are;credited;to
a. Mary;Breckenridge.
b. Mary;Seacole.
c. Clara;Barton.
d. Lillian;Wald.
ANS:; D
Lillian;Wald,;a;pioneer;in;public;health;nursing,;is;best;known;for;the;development;and;establishment;of;t
he;Henry;Street;Settlement.
DIF: Knowledge
4. Occupational;health;nursing;features;beliefs;similar;to;those;of;which;early;nursing;pioneer?
a. Lillian;Wald
b. Florence; Nightingale
c. Clara;Barton
d. Mary;Seacole
, ANS:; A
Lillian;Wald;was;a;pioneer;in;public;health;nursing,;and;is;best;known;for;the;development;and;establishme
nt;of;the;first;viable;practice;for;public;health;nurses.
DIF: Comprehension
5. What;historical;event;first;led;to;the;recognition;of;the;contribution;of;blacks;to;nursing?
a. Florence;Nightingale‘s;acceptance;of;black;nurses;into;the;first;nursing;school
b. The;contributions;of;black;nurses;at;the;Pennsylvania;Hospital,;the;first;hospital;in
America
c. Mary;Williams;and;Frances;Rose;are;listed;as;nurses;in;the;City;of;Baltimore
Directory.
d. The;work;done;by;wives;of;wealthy;black;nobles;who;carried;food;and;medicine;from
;house;to;house;during;the;Middle;Ages
ANS:; C
1840—
Two;black;women,;Mary;Williams;and;Frances;Rose,;who;founded;Nursing;Sisters;of;the;Holy;Cross,;are;li
sted;as;nurses;in;the;City;of;Baltimore;Directory.
DIF: Comprehension
6. World;War;I;contributed;to;the;advancement;of;health;care;by
a. increasing;the;number;of;private;care;hospitals;and;decreasing;the;role;of;public
health;services.
b. employing;a;large;number;of;civilians;to;provide;care;to;returning;soldiers;through
the;Red;Cross.
c. introducing;specialists;in;nursing;such;as;nurse;anesthetists.
d. increasing;the;number;of;community;health;nurses.
ANS:; C
World;War;I;offered;nurses;a;chance;to;enter;new;fields;of;specialization,;as;is;seen;in;the;example;of;nurse;a
nesthetists,;who;became;part;of;surgical;teams;at;the;front;lines.
DIF: Comprehension
7. What;was;an;original;purpose;of;the;Social;Security;Act;of;1935?
a. Increase;research;that;focused;on;minority;groups
b. Provide;medical;care;for;chemically;impaired;persons
c. Ensure;health;care;for;older;adults;through;a;national;insurance;system
d. Decrease;the;public‘s;financial;burden;by;limiting;services;offered;by;local;health;de
partments
ANS:; C
By;providing;health;insurance;for;older;adults,;the;Social;Security;Act;of;1935;set;the;precedent;for;the;p
assage;of;the;Medicare;and;Medicaid;Acts;that;followed;in;1965,;but;the;act;also;provided;maternal;and;c
hild;welfare;services,;rehabilitation;for;the;mentally;and;physically;challenged,;medical;care;for;blind;ind
ividuals;and;crippled;children,;and;unemployment;benefits.
DIF: Comprehension
, 8. A;client;asks;the;nurse,;―Can;you;explain;the;amendment;to;the;Social;Security;Act;called;Title;XVIII;to;
me?‖;The;nurse;demonstrates;an;understanding;of;this;legislation;when;providing;what;response?
a. It;led;to;many;hospital;closings,;along;with;a;decrease;in;acute;care;hospital–based
nursing;care.
b. It;provided;medical;insurance;to;those;younger;adults;or;children;who;were;not
eligible;for;private;insurance;because;of;catastrophic;illnesses;such;as;cancer.
c. It;provided;preventive;care;for;women,;infants,;and;children.
d. It;ensured;that;individuals ;with;end-stage;renal;disease;had;health;care;insurance.
ANS:; D
The;Medicare;program;provides;hospital;insurance,;Part;A,;and;medical;insurance,;Part;B,;to;all;people;
aged;65;and;older;who;are;eligible;to;receive;Social;Security;benefits;;people;with;total,;permanent;dis
abilities;;and;people;with;end-stage;renal;disease.
DIF: Comprehension
9. A;comparison;of;nursing;in;the;1980s;to;nursing;in;the;1990s;reveals;what;factor;that;contributes;to;hea
lth;care;as;we;know;it;today?
a. In;the;1990s;nursing;experienced;a;significant;reduction;occurred;in;preventable
diseases; caused; by; unsafe/unhealthy; lifestyles.
b. Tuberculosis;was;the;primary;concern;for;nursing;in;the;1980s,;whereas;the;AIDS
epidemic;emerged;and;was;its;focus;during;the;1990s.
c. A;decrease;in;ambulatory;services;in;the;1980s;prompted;an;increase;in;public
health;nurses;in;the;1990s.
d. The;demand;for;advanced ;practice;nurses;increased;in;the;1980s;and;the;1990s;becau
se;of;the;economy;and;concern;about;the;health;of;the;nation.
ANS:; D
The;numbers;of;advanced;nurse;practitioners;increased;as;evidence;of;their;cost-
effectiveness;as;providers;of;primary;and;preventive;health;care;became;established.
DIF: Comprehension
10. Which; statement; accurately; describes; the; historical; perspective; of; nursing; practice?
a. Nursing;has;existed;to;meet;the;needs;of;populations,;individuals,;and;aggregates
by;providing;care;that;is;determined;by;the;needs;and;beliefs;of;society;in;different;his
torical;contexts.
b. As;men;began;to;become;interested;in;nursing,;it;changed;into;a; respected
profession;based;on;scientific;fact;rather;than;superstition.
c. Nursing;has;historically;accepted;individuals;from;all;social;and;ethnic
backgrounds.
d. The;United;States;has;led;the;way;throughout;history;to;advance;nursing;and;health;c
are;by;providing;the;first;hospital;and;medical;school.
ANS:; A
Nursing;has;existed;since;biblical;times;to;address;needs;ranging;from;contagious;diseases;in;early;times;
to;health;prevention;in;the;present;time,;with;care;based;on;health;needs;and;beliefs;of;the;time.
DIF: Comprehension
, 11. The;use;of;herbs,;which;has;become;a;popular;alternative;to;prescription;drugs;in;today‘s;health;care;mil
ieu,;had;roots;originating;when?
a. Prehistoric;times;and;the;Middle;Ages
b. Civil;War;period;and;World;War;I
c. Renaissance; and; Reformation; periods; and; the; Colonial; American; period
d. Crimean;War;and;Civil;War;periods
ANS:; A
During;prehistoric;times,;tribes;used;herbs;to;rid;themselves;of;disease;;in;the;Middle;Ages,;women;used;
herbs.;This;practice;has;continued;to;today.
DIF: Comprehension
12. A;care;provider;sacrifices;an;animal;and;waves;an;herb-
filled;sack;over;a;client;who;is;complaining;of;painful;joints;and;chest;pain;with;exertion.;This;ritual;repr
esents;health;care;during;what;time;period?
a. The;prehistoric;period
b. Early;civilization;in;Egypt
c. The; European; Renaissance
d. The;Middle;Ages;in;Asia;and;Africa
ANS:; A
During;prehistoric;times,;illness;was;thought;to;be;caused;by;evil;spirits;that;providers;attempted;to;scare;
away;through;rituals;and;dances.
DIF: Comprehension
13. A;prospective;nursing;student;who;researches;universities;that;offer;a;baccalaureate;degree;in;nursing;w
ould;want;to;ensure;that;the;program;is;accredited;by;what;agency?
a. American;Nurses;Association
b. Commission; on; Collegiate; Nursing; Education
c. National; Institutes; of; Health
d. National; Nursing; Council
ANS:; B
The;Commission;on;Collegiate;Nursing;Education;(CCNE);is;the;agency;that;exclusively;accredits;baccala
ureate;and;graduate-degree;nursing;programs.
DIF: Comprehension
14. Nursing;in;the;1990s;was;characterized;by;what;health;care;focus?
a. Men;leaving;nursing;to;enter;the;armed;services
b. Traditional;8-hour;shifts;to;nurse;burnout;and;compassion;fatigue
c. Identifying; health; promotion; associated; with; preventable; diseases
d. Managing;runaway;health;care;costs
ANS:; C
Health;promotion;and;disease;prevention;were;recognized;as;the;means;to;reduce;the;high;number;of;morta
lities;associated;with;preventable;diseases—
Healthy;People;2000;was;published;as;a;nationwide;effort;to;reduce;preventable;deaths.
s,;and;Management,;8th;Edition;.
MULTIPLE;CHOICE;:
1. What;accomplishment;is;Clara;Barton;best;known;for?
2.
a. Becoming;the;first;black;public;health;nurse
b. Establishing; the; Henry; Street; Settlement
c. Founding; the; American; Red; Cross
d. Publicizing; the; inadequacies; of; hospital-based; nursing; schools
ANS:; C
The;American;Red;Cross;was;founded;by;Clara;Barton;in;1882,;to;be;of;assistance;in;efforts;to;provide;s
upplies;to;the;battlefields;and;hospitals.;Barton;also;sets;up;a;postwar;service;to;find;missing;soldiers.
DIF: Knowledge
2. Students;are;assigned;to;write;to;their;state;leaders;about;an;issue;affecting;their;community.;One;studen
t;writes;about;the;need;among;rural;community;for;greater;access;to;acute;care;services.;Which;piece;of;l
egislation;should;the;student;use;as;a;reference?
a. Social;Security;Act
b. Hill-Burton; Act
c. Sheppard-Towner; Act
d. U.S.;Civil;Service;Act
ANS:; B
The;purpose;of;the;Hill-
Burton;Act;was;to;provide;funding;to;construct;hospitals;and;to;help;states;in;plan;for;other;health;care;fac
ilities;in;accordance;with;the;needs;of;communities.
DIF: Knowledge
3. The;practice;of;public;health;nursing;and;the;Henry;Street;Settlement;are;credited;to
a. Mary;Breckenridge.
b. Mary;Seacole.
c. Clara;Barton.
d. Lillian;Wald.
ANS:; D
Lillian;Wald,;a;pioneer;in;public;health;nursing,;is;best;known;for;the;development;and;establishment;of;t
he;Henry;Street;Settlement.
DIF: Knowledge
4. Occupational;health;nursing;features;beliefs;similar;to;those;of;which;early;nursing;pioneer?
a. Lillian;Wald
b. Florence; Nightingale
c. Clara;Barton
d. Mary;Seacole
, ANS:; A
Lillian;Wald;was;a;pioneer;in;public;health;nursing,;and;is;best;known;for;the;development;and;establishme
nt;of;the;first;viable;practice;for;public;health;nurses.
DIF: Comprehension
5. What;historical;event;first;led;to;the;recognition;of;the;contribution;of;blacks;to;nursing?
a. Florence;Nightingale‘s;acceptance;of;black;nurses;into;the;first;nursing;school
b. The;contributions;of;black;nurses;at;the;Pennsylvania;Hospital,;the;first;hospital;in
America
c. Mary;Williams;and;Frances;Rose;are;listed;as;nurses;in;the;City;of;Baltimore
Directory.
d. The;work;done;by;wives;of;wealthy;black;nobles;who;carried;food;and;medicine;from
;house;to;house;during;the;Middle;Ages
ANS:; C
1840—
Two;black;women,;Mary;Williams;and;Frances;Rose,;who;founded;Nursing;Sisters;of;the;Holy;Cross,;are;li
sted;as;nurses;in;the;City;of;Baltimore;Directory.
DIF: Comprehension
6. World;War;I;contributed;to;the;advancement;of;health;care;by
a. increasing;the;number;of;private;care;hospitals;and;decreasing;the;role;of;public
health;services.
b. employing;a;large;number;of;civilians;to;provide;care;to;returning;soldiers;through
the;Red;Cross.
c. introducing;specialists;in;nursing;such;as;nurse;anesthetists.
d. increasing;the;number;of;community;health;nurses.
ANS:; C
World;War;I;offered;nurses;a;chance;to;enter;new;fields;of;specialization,;as;is;seen;in;the;example;of;nurse;a
nesthetists,;who;became;part;of;surgical;teams;at;the;front;lines.
DIF: Comprehension
7. What;was;an;original;purpose;of;the;Social;Security;Act;of;1935?
a. Increase;research;that;focused;on;minority;groups
b. Provide;medical;care;for;chemically;impaired;persons
c. Ensure;health;care;for;older;adults;through;a;national;insurance;system
d. Decrease;the;public‘s;financial;burden;by;limiting;services;offered;by;local;health;de
partments
ANS:; C
By;providing;health;insurance;for;older;adults,;the;Social;Security;Act;of;1935;set;the;precedent;for;the;p
assage;of;the;Medicare;and;Medicaid;Acts;that;followed;in;1965,;but;the;act;also;provided;maternal;and;c
hild;welfare;services,;rehabilitation;for;the;mentally;and;physically;challenged,;medical;care;for;blind;ind
ividuals;and;crippled;children,;and;unemployment;benefits.
DIF: Comprehension
, 8. A;client;asks;the;nurse,;―Can;you;explain;the;amendment;to;the;Social;Security;Act;called;Title;XVIII;to;
me?‖;The;nurse;demonstrates;an;understanding;of;this;legislation;when;providing;what;response?
a. It;led;to;many;hospital;closings,;along;with;a;decrease;in;acute;care;hospital–based
nursing;care.
b. It;provided;medical;insurance;to;those;younger;adults;or;children;who;were;not
eligible;for;private;insurance;because;of;catastrophic;illnesses;such;as;cancer.
c. It;provided;preventive;care;for;women,;infants,;and;children.
d. It;ensured;that;individuals ;with;end-stage;renal;disease;had;health;care;insurance.
ANS:; D
The;Medicare;program;provides;hospital;insurance,;Part;A,;and;medical;insurance,;Part;B,;to;all;people;
aged;65;and;older;who;are;eligible;to;receive;Social;Security;benefits;;people;with;total,;permanent;dis
abilities;;and;people;with;end-stage;renal;disease.
DIF: Comprehension
9. A;comparison;of;nursing;in;the;1980s;to;nursing;in;the;1990s;reveals;what;factor;that;contributes;to;hea
lth;care;as;we;know;it;today?
a. In;the;1990s;nursing;experienced;a;significant;reduction;occurred;in;preventable
diseases; caused; by; unsafe/unhealthy; lifestyles.
b. Tuberculosis;was;the;primary;concern;for;nursing;in;the;1980s,;whereas;the;AIDS
epidemic;emerged;and;was;its;focus;during;the;1990s.
c. A;decrease;in;ambulatory;services;in;the;1980s;prompted;an;increase;in;public
health;nurses;in;the;1990s.
d. The;demand;for;advanced ;practice;nurses;increased;in;the;1980s;and;the;1990s;becau
se;of;the;economy;and;concern;about;the;health;of;the;nation.
ANS:; D
The;numbers;of;advanced;nurse;practitioners;increased;as;evidence;of;their;cost-
effectiveness;as;providers;of;primary;and;preventive;health;care;became;established.
DIF: Comprehension
10. Which; statement; accurately; describes; the; historical; perspective; of; nursing; practice?
a. Nursing;has;existed;to;meet;the;needs;of;populations,;individuals,;and;aggregates
by;providing;care;that;is;determined;by;the;needs;and;beliefs;of;society;in;different;his
torical;contexts.
b. As;men;began;to;become;interested;in;nursing,;it;changed;into;a; respected
profession;based;on;scientific;fact;rather;than;superstition.
c. Nursing;has;historically;accepted;individuals;from;all;social;and;ethnic
backgrounds.
d. The;United;States;has;led;the;way;throughout;history;to;advance;nursing;and;health;c
are;by;providing;the;first;hospital;and;medical;school.
ANS:; A
Nursing;has;existed;since;biblical;times;to;address;needs;ranging;from;contagious;diseases;in;early;times;
to;health;prevention;in;the;present;time,;with;care;based;on;health;needs;and;beliefs;of;the;time.
DIF: Comprehension
, 11. The;use;of;herbs,;which;has;become;a;popular;alternative;to;prescription;drugs;in;today‘s;health;care;mil
ieu,;had;roots;originating;when?
a. Prehistoric;times;and;the;Middle;Ages
b. Civil;War;period;and;World;War;I
c. Renaissance; and; Reformation; periods; and; the; Colonial; American; period
d. Crimean;War;and;Civil;War;periods
ANS:; A
During;prehistoric;times,;tribes;used;herbs;to;rid;themselves;of;disease;;in;the;Middle;Ages,;women;used;
herbs.;This;practice;has;continued;to;today.
DIF: Comprehension
12. A;care;provider;sacrifices;an;animal;and;waves;an;herb-
filled;sack;over;a;client;who;is;complaining;of;painful;joints;and;chest;pain;with;exertion.;This;ritual;repr
esents;health;care;during;what;time;period?
a. The;prehistoric;period
b. Early;civilization;in;Egypt
c. The; European; Renaissance
d. The;Middle;Ages;in;Asia;and;Africa
ANS:; A
During;prehistoric;times,;illness;was;thought;to;be;caused;by;evil;spirits;that;providers;attempted;to;scare;
away;through;rituals;and;dances.
DIF: Comprehension
13. A;prospective;nursing;student;who;researches;universities;that;offer;a;baccalaureate;degree;in;nursing;w
ould;want;to;ensure;that;the;program;is;accredited;by;what;agency?
a. American;Nurses;Association
b. Commission; on; Collegiate; Nursing; Education
c. National; Institutes; of; Health
d. National; Nursing; Council
ANS:; B
The;Commission;on;Collegiate;Nursing;Education;(CCNE);is;the;agency;that;exclusively;accredits;baccala
ureate;and;graduate-degree;nursing;programs.
DIF: Comprehension
14. Nursing;in;the;1990s;was;characterized;by;what;health;care;focus?
a. Men;leaving;nursing;to;enter;the;armed;services
b. Traditional;8-hour;shifts;to;nurse;burnout;and;compassion;fatigue
c. Identifying; health; promotion; associated; with; preventable; diseases
d. Managing;runaway;health;care;costs
ANS:; C
Health;promotion;and;disease;prevention;were;recognized;as;the;means;to;reduce;the;high;number;of;morta
lities;associated;with;preventable;diseases—
Healthy;People;2000;was;published;as;a;nationwide;effort;to;reduce;preventable;deaths.
