WGU D236 OBJECTIVE
ASSESSMENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+.
,1. Describe how your body responds to an infection. CORRECT ANSWER T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
2. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. CORRECT ANSWER Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
3. How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? CORRECT ANSWER Alterations of DNA
4. Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. CORRECT ANSWER
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
5. Explain RAAS CORRECT ANSWER Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction
> release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
6. DKA CORRECT ANSWER increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
7. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis CORRECT ANSWER retain H and excrete HCO3
8. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? CORRECT ANSWER Potassium
9. West Nile Virus CORRECT ANSWER Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and
symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
10. Lyme disease CORRECT ANSWER Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdor- feri.
11. Erythema infectiosum CORRECT ANSWER a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
12. Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .
CORRECT ANSWER Spina bifida
13. Trousseau's sign CORRECT ANSWER arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
14. Cause and sign of spina bifida CORRECT ANSWER results from failure of neural tube to close. sign
- fluid filled sac on lower back.
, 15. hemophilia is more common in CORRECT ANSWER males
16. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes CORRECT ANSWER ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
17. Connective vs muscle tissue disorders CORRECT ANSWER Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lu- pus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
18. Describe Lupus CORRECT ANSWER Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
19. Describe Myasthenia Gravis CORRECT ANSWER It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors.This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and
difficulty swallowing.
20. dermatitis CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of the skin
21. eczema CORRECT ANSWER noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
22. decubitus ulcer CORRECT ANSWER sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
23. Fungal infections CORRECT ANSWER superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infec- tions
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
24. benign neoplasm CORRECT ANSWER noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
25. malignant neoplasm CORRECT ANSWER uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
26. Osteoporosis CORRECT ANSWER The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
27. osteomalacia CORRECT ANSWER disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D
deficiency
28. myoglobin CORRECT ANSWER red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
29. Bursa CORRECT ANSWER fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
30. Rickets CORRECT ANSWER a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
31. Degenerative disk disease CORRECT ANSWER A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
ASSESSMENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+.
,1. Describe how your body responds to an infection. CORRECT ANSWER T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
2. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. CORRECT ANSWER Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
3. How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? CORRECT ANSWER Alterations of DNA
4. Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. CORRECT ANSWER
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
5. Explain RAAS CORRECT ANSWER Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction
> release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
6. DKA CORRECT ANSWER increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
7. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis CORRECT ANSWER retain H and excrete HCO3
8. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? CORRECT ANSWER Potassium
9. West Nile Virus CORRECT ANSWER Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and
symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
10. Lyme disease CORRECT ANSWER Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdor- feri.
11. Erythema infectiosum CORRECT ANSWER a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
12. Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .
CORRECT ANSWER Spina bifida
13. Trousseau's sign CORRECT ANSWER arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
14. Cause and sign of spina bifida CORRECT ANSWER results from failure of neural tube to close. sign
- fluid filled sac on lower back.
, 15. hemophilia is more common in CORRECT ANSWER males
16. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes CORRECT ANSWER ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
17. Connective vs muscle tissue disorders CORRECT ANSWER Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lu- pus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
18. Describe Lupus CORRECT ANSWER Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
19. Describe Myasthenia Gravis CORRECT ANSWER It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors.This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and
difficulty swallowing.
20. dermatitis CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of the skin
21. eczema CORRECT ANSWER noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
22. decubitus ulcer CORRECT ANSWER sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
23. Fungal infections CORRECT ANSWER superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infec- tions
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
24. benign neoplasm CORRECT ANSWER noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
25. malignant neoplasm CORRECT ANSWER uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
26. Osteoporosis CORRECT ANSWER The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
27. osteomalacia CORRECT ANSWER disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D
deficiency
28. myoglobin CORRECT ANSWER red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
29. Bursa CORRECT ANSWER fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
30. Rickets CORRECT ANSWER a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
31. Degenerative disk disease CORRECT ANSWER A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
