THE NATIONAL COUNSELING EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
FOR GUARANTEED EXAM SUCCESS
Schedules of Reinforcement - ANSWER- Continuous - every time
Variable ratio - unpredictable number of responses
Fixed interval - after a specific amount of time
Fixed ratio - after a predetermined number
Variable interval - after an unpredictable amount of time
Existential Therapy Description - ANSWER- This model stresses building therapy on the basic
conditions of human existence, such as choice, the freedom, and responsibility to shape one's
life, and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic
relationship.
A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of
psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate behavior. Attention is given to
the first 6 years of life as determinants of later development of personality. Uses analysis of
word association, dream and fantasy interpretation. - ANSWER- Psychoanalytic Therapy
Description
Psychoanalytic Theory Theorists - ANSWER- Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Carl Jung
Deterministic - ANSWER- The Freudian view of human nature
According to Freud, our behavior is determined by... - ANSWER- Irrational forces, unconscious
motivations, and biological/instinctual drives
,According to psychoanalytic view, the personality consists of what three systems? - ANSWER-
Id, Ego, SuperEgo
What is the Id? - ANSWER- -A psychoanalytic system
-original system of personality, -present at birth,
-the source of psychic energy
- the seat of the instincts
What psychoanalytic system is ruled by the pleasure principle? - ANSWER- Id
What psychoanalytic system is the traffic cop? - ANSWER- Ego
What psychoanalytic system is ruled by the reality principle and governs, control, and regulates
the personality? - ANSWER- Ego
What psychoanalytic system is the judicial branch of the personality and the opposite of the id?
- ANSWER- SuperEgo
What psychoanalytic system represents the ideal rather than the real and strives for perfection
rather than pleasure? - ANSWER- SuperEgo
Who wrote the book, Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899? - ANSWER- Freud
The id has two important strategies for obtaining pleasure: - ANSWER- Reflex action and
Primary Process
,The reflex action of the id for obtaining pleasure can be described as? - ANSWER- An automatic
process (coughing and blinking) that reduce tensions
The primary process of the id for obtaining pleasure can be described as? - ANSWER- A process
that allows people to form a mental image of a remedy for their discomfort; a wish fulfillment.
According to Freud, what is the libido? - ANSWER- Present at birth, originally defined as a
sexual desire, but later referred to as the energy and vitality
What psychoanalytic system is described as the mental agent of rational and self-conscious
selfhood? - ANSWER- The Ego
What psychoanalytic system is described as the mediator and organizer, logical thinker and is
the seat of intelligence and rationality? - ANSWER- The Ego
According to the psychoanalytic approach, this develops out of a conflict among the id, ego,
and superego - ANSWER- Anxiety
According to the psychoanalytic approach, there are three types of anxiety - ANSWER- Reality
Neurotic
Moral
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is reality anxiety? - ANSWER- A fear of danger
from the external world
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is neurotic anxiety? - ANSWER- A fear that
one's instincts will get out of had and lead to punishment.
, According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is moral anxiety? - ANSWER- The fear of one's
own conscience
According to the psychoanalytic approach, when is someone likely to invoke ego-defense
mechanisms? - ANSWER- When a person with well-defined conscience does something against
their morals and the ego cannot control the anxiety
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what two characteristics do defense mechanism
have in common? - ANSWER- They operate on an unconscious level and they either deny or
distort reality
Ego Defense Mechanism: Repression - ANSWER- Excluding threatening or painful thoughts and
feelings from our awareness
Ego Defense Mechanism: Denial - ANSWER- Denying the existence of a threatening aspect of
reality
Ego Defense Mechanism: Reaction Formation - ANSWER- Expressing the opposite impulse with
confronted with a threatening impulse
Ego Defense Mechanism: Projection - ANSWER- Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable
to one's self onto another person
Ego Defense Mechanism: Displacement - ANSWER- Transfer of feelings from one target to
another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
Ego Defense Mechanism: Rationalization - ANSWER- Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain
away a bruised ego
FOR GUARANTEED EXAM SUCCESS
Schedules of Reinforcement - ANSWER- Continuous - every time
Variable ratio - unpredictable number of responses
Fixed interval - after a specific amount of time
Fixed ratio - after a predetermined number
Variable interval - after an unpredictable amount of time
Existential Therapy Description - ANSWER- This model stresses building therapy on the basic
conditions of human existence, such as choice, the freedom, and responsibility to shape one's
life, and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic
relationship.
A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of
psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate behavior. Attention is given to
the first 6 years of life as determinants of later development of personality. Uses analysis of
word association, dream and fantasy interpretation. - ANSWER- Psychoanalytic Therapy
Description
Psychoanalytic Theory Theorists - ANSWER- Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Carl Jung
Deterministic - ANSWER- The Freudian view of human nature
According to Freud, our behavior is determined by... - ANSWER- Irrational forces, unconscious
motivations, and biological/instinctual drives
,According to psychoanalytic view, the personality consists of what three systems? - ANSWER-
Id, Ego, SuperEgo
What is the Id? - ANSWER- -A psychoanalytic system
-original system of personality, -present at birth,
-the source of psychic energy
- the seat of the instincts
What psychoanalytic system is ruled by the pleasure principle? - ANSWER- Id
What psychoanalytic system is the traffic cop? - ANSWER- Ego
What psychoanalytic system is ruled by the reality principle and governs, control, and regulates
the personality? - ANSWER- Ego
What psychoanalytic system is the judicial branch of the personality and the opposite of the id?
- ANSWER- SuperEgo
What psychoanalytic system represents the ideal rather than the real and strives for perfection
rather than pleasure? - ANSWER- SuperEgo
Who wrote the book, Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899? - ANSWER- Freud
The id has two important strategies for obtaining pleasure: - ANSWER- Reflex action and
Primary Process
,The reflex action of the id for obtaining pleasure can be described as? - ANSWER- An automatic
process (coughing and blinking) that reduce tensions
The primary process of the id for obtaining pleasure can be described as? - ANSWER- A process
that allows people to form a mental image of a remedy for their discomfort; a wish fulfillment.
According to Freud, what is the libido? - ANSWER- Present at birth, originally defined as a
sexual desire, but later referred to as the energy and vitality
What psychoanalytic system is described as the mental agent of rational and self-conscious
selfhood? - ANSWER- The Ego
What psychoanalytic system is described as the mediator and organizer, logical thinker and is
the seat of intelligence and rationality? - ANSWER- The Ego
According to the psychoanalytic approach, this develops out of a conflict among the id, ego,
and superego - ANSWER- Anxiety
According to the psychoanalytic approach, there are three types of anxiety - ANSWER- Reality
Neurotic
Moral
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is reality anxiety? - ANSWER- A fear of danger
from the external world
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is neurotic anxiety? - ANSWER- A fear that
one's instincts will get out of had and lead to punishment.
, According to the psychoanalytic approach, what is moral anxiety? - ANSWER- The fear of one's
own conscience
According to the psychoanalytic approach, when is someone likely to invoke ego-defense
mechanisms? - ANSWER- When a person with well-defined conscience does something against
their morals and the ego cannot control the anxiety
According to the psychoanalytic approach, what two characteristics do defense mechanism
have in common? - ANSWER- They operate on an unconscious level and they either deny or
distort reality
Ego Defense Mechanism: Repression - ANSWER- Excluding threatening or painful thoughts and
feelings from our awareness
Ego Defense Mechanism: Denial - ANSWER- Denying the existence of a threatening aspect of
reality
Ego Defense Mechanism: Reaction Formation - ANSWER- Expressing the opposite impulse with
confronted with a threatening impulse
Ego Defense Mechanism: Projection - ANSWER- Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable
to one's self onto another person
Ego Defense Mechanism: Displacement - ANSWER- Transfer of feelings from one target to
another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
Ego Defense Mechanism: Rationalization - ANSWER- Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain
away a bruised ego
