FNP University Of Texas - Arlington -FNP 1
test Questions With Complete Solutions
Course
FNP
1. What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in
adult women?
Answer:
First-line antibiotics: Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) for 5 days or Trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for 3 days (if local resistance <20%).
Avoid fluoroquinolones as first choice due to resistance and side effects.
2. Describe the classic presentation of acute otitis media in a pediatric patient.
Answer:
Symptoms: Ear pain (otalgia), fever, irritability, and sometimes ear tugging.
Exam: Bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane with decreased mobility on pneumatic
otoscopy.
3. How do you differentiate between viral and bacterial pharyngitis clinically?
Answer:
Viral: Cough, conjunctivitis, hoarseness, and rhinorrhea present; gradual onset.
Bacterial (Group A Strep): Sudden onset sore throat, fever, tonsillar exudate, tender
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, absence of cough.
4. What is the recommended immunization schedule for the influenza vaccine in adults?
Answer:
Annual vaccination recommended for all adults ≥6 months.
Quadrivalent inactivated vaccine or live attenuated nasal spray depending on patient age
and contraindications.
,5. A 55-year-old patient presents with uncontrolled hypertension despite three
antihypertensive medications. What is the next step?
Answer:
Evaluate for secondary hypertension causes (renal artery stenosis, aldosteronism).
Check medication adherence, lifestyle factors.
Consider referral to specialist and further diagnostic workup.
6. List three red flag symptoms in a patient presenting with headache.
Answer:
Sudden onset “thunderclap” headache
Neurological deficits (weakness, vision changes)
Fever and neck stiffness (suggesting meningitis)
7. What lab test is used to monitor anticoagulation in patients on warfarin?
Answer:
INR (International Normalized Ratio) — goal range typically 2.0-3.0 depending on
indication.
8. A patient presents with acute asthma exacerbation. What is the first-line treatment?
Answer:
Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) like albuterol via nebulizer or inhaler.
Add systemic corticosteroids if moderate to severe exacerbation.
9. What is the initial management of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer:
Perform Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis.
Start anticoagulation promptly (e.g., low molecular weight heparin or direct oral
anticoagulants) if clinical suspicion is high.
,10. Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Answer:
Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute
insulin deficiency; typically presents in childhood or young adults.
Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance combined with relative insulin deficiency; usually
adult onset and linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
11. What is the appropriate management for a patient with newly diagnosed
hypothyroidism?
Answer:
Start levothyroxine replacement therapy, dosing based on weight and cardiac status.
Monitor TSH every 6–8 weeks until stable.
12. What physical exam finding is characteristic of congestive heart failure?
Answer:
Presence of S3 gallop, jugular venous distention (JVD), peripheral edema, and
pulmonary crackles.
13. When is it appropriate to prescribe antibiotics for acute bronchitis?
Answer:
Usually not recommended as most cases are viral.
Consider antibiotics only if pertussis is suspected or bacterial pneumonia is confirmed.
14. What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
Answer:
Persistent dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypotension, and renal impairment.
15. Describe the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
, Answer:
Presence of ≥3 of the following:
o Waist circumference >40 in (men), >35 in (women)
o Elevated triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL
o Reduced HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL men, <50 mg/dL women)
o Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg
o Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL
16. What is the recommended screening interval for cervical cancer in average-risk women
aged 30–65?
Answer:
Pap smear plus HPV co-testing every 5 years
Or Pap smear alone every 3 years if co-testing not done.
17. How is gestational diabetes typically diagnosed?
Answer:
Screening with 50-g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) at 24–28 weeks gestation.
Confirm diagnosis with 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
18. What is the preferred treatment for Lyme disease in adults?
Answer:
Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10–21 days.
Alternatives: Amoxicillin or cefuroxime if doxycycline contraindicated.
19. What are the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?
Answer:
At least 5 of 9 symptoms present for at least 2 weeks, including depressed mood or
anhedonia, plus other symptoms like sleep disturbance, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness.
test Questions With Complete Solutions
Course
FNP
1. What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in
adult women?
Answer:
First-line antibiotics: Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) for 5 days or Trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for 3 days (if local resistance <20%).
Avoid fluoroquinolones as first choice due to resistance and side effects.
2. Describe the classic presentation of acute otitis media in a pediatric patient.
Answer:
Symptoms: Ear pain (otalgia), fever, irritability, and sometimes ear tugging.
Exam: Bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane with decreased mobility on pneumatic
otoscopy.
3. How do you differentiate between viral and bacterial pharyngitis clinically?
Answer:
Viral: Cough, conjunctivitis, hoarseness, and rhinorrhea present; gradual onset.
Bacterial (Group A Strep): Sudden onset sore throat, fever, tonsillar exudate, tender
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, absence of cough.
4. What is the recommended immunization schedule for the influenza vaccine in adults?
Answer:
Annual vaccination recommended for all adults ≥6 months.
Quadrivalent inactivated vaccine or live attenuated nasal spray depending on patient age
and contraindications.
,5. A 55-year-old patient presents with uncontrolled hypertension despite three
antihypertensive medications. What is the next step?
Answer:
Evaluate for secondary hypertension causes (renal artery stenosis, aldosteronism).
Check medication adherence, lifestyle factors.
Consider referral to specialist and further diagnostic workup.
6. List three red flag symptoms in a patient presenting with headache.
Answer:
Sudden onset “thunderclap” headache
Neurological deficits (weakness, vision changes)
Fever and neck stiffness (suggesting meningitis)
7. What lab test is used to monitor anticoagulation in patients on warfarin?
Answer:
INR (International Normalized Ratio) — goal range typically 2.0-3.0 depending on
indication.
8. A patient presents with acute asthma exacerbation. What is the first-line treatment?
Answer:
Administer short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) like albuterol via nebulizer or inhaler.
Add systemic corticosteroids if moderate to severe exacerbation.
9. What is the initial management of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer:
Perform Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis.
Start anticoagulation promptly (e.g., low molecular weight heparin or direct oral
anticoagulants) if clinical suspicion is high.
,10. Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Answer:
Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute
insulin deficiency; typically presents in childhood or young adults.
Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance combined with relative insulin deficiency; usually
adult onset and linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
11. What is the appropriate management for a patient with newly diagnosed
hypothyroidism?
Answer:
Start levothyroxine replacement therapy, dosing based on weight and cardiac status.
Monitor TSH every 6–8 weeks until stable.
12. What physical exam finding is characteristic of congestive heart failure?
Answer:
Presence of S3 gallop, jugular venous distention (JVD), peripheral edema, and
pulmonary crackles.
13. When is it appropriate to prescribe antibiotics for acute bronchitis?
Answer:
Usually not recommended as most cases are viral.
Consider antibiotics only if pertussis is suspected or bacterial pneumonia is confirmed.
14. What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
Answer:
Persistent dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypotension, and renal impairment.
15. Describe the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
, Answer:
Presence of ≥3 of the following:
o Waist circumference >40 in (men), >35 in (women)
o Elevated triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL
o Reduced HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL men, <50 mg/dL women)
o Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg
o Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL
16. What is the recommended screening interval for cervical cancer in average-risk women
aged 30–65?
Answer:
Pap smear plus HPV co-testing every 5 years
Or Pap smear alone every 3 years if co-testing not done.
17. How is gestational diabetes typically diagnosed?
Answer:
Screening with 50-g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) at 24–28 weeks gestation.
Confirm diagnosis with 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
18. What is the preferred treatment for Lyme disease in adults?
Answer:
Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10–21 days.
Alternatives: Amoxicillin or cefuroxime if doxycycline contraindicated.
19. What are the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?
Answer:
At least 5 of 9 symptoms present for at least 2 weeks, including depressed mood or
anhedonia, plus other symptoms like sleep disturbance, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness.
