Presentation Humanities (sst)

POLITICAL SCIENCE
Subject Code-028
Classes-XI & XII (2025-2026)
RATIONALE
A discipline of Social Science, Political Science deals with understanding the social structures and
methods used to manage a government or State. It also encompasses the historical, philosophical,
constitutional, and legal foundation of the political system. It further provides scope to identify the
political values and ideas, governing institutions and their policy making process. The subject
enhances the ability to address the functions and processes of government and politics in
international, national, and state levels. It ensures that students acquire citizenship skills and engage
as active citizens by appreciating human diversity. This subject is interdisciplinary by nature and
draws upon other social disciplines or branches of knowledge and there by influenced by them in
many ways. At Senior Secondary level, curriculum of Political Science is organised in a systematic
manner to facilitate students to have an understanding of political ideas, ideologies, institutions,
policies, processes, and behaviour, as well as groups, classes, government, law, peace and war
which are the bedrock of human society and polity. The contents develop knowledge about current
and past political events across the world and also enrich student’s writing, communication, data
analysis skills. An earnest effort is directed towards laying the foundation for a serious engagement
with the discipline and developing competencies that prepare students for higher education, learning,
and acquiring knowledge.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. Indian Constitution at Work:
 Understand the historical circumstances and the processes in which the Constitution was
drafted.
 Be familiar with the diverse perspectives that guided the makers of the Indian Constitution.
 Analyse the working of the three pillars of democracy: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary
and their role with changing times.
 Identify the key features of the Indian Constitution and compare these to other constitutions in
the world.




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,2. Political Theory:

 Recognise the ideas, concepts, and values inherent in the political life of a citizen.
 Systematic reflection and critical analysis of the political phenomenon.
 Provide clarity on what is ‘political’ in relation to ‘social’, ‘economic’, ‘moral’, and the like.
 Augment the ability of students to build a good state in a good society, and create
processes, procedures, institutions, and structures which could be rationally achievable.
3. Contemporary World Politics

 Enable an understanding of the nature of political interactions amongst the sovereign states
in the World.
 Trace the key political events and processes in the post-cold war era.
 Analyse the all-encompassing impact of various global institutions, processes, and events.
 Promote international understanding and respect for humanity.
4. Politics in India since Independence

 Understand and analyse constitutional institutions and their working in the post-independence
era.
 Appreciate the contribution of political leaders in Nation Building.
 Develop the capacity to link Government structure, processes, and their policies with
contemporary political realities.
 Acquaint the students to the changing trends and developments in India.




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, CLASS XI
COURSE STRUCTURE

Chapter Chapter Name Marks
No.
PART A
INDIAN CONSTITUTION AT WORK
1 Constitution: Why and How?
2 Rights in the Indian Constitution 8

3 Election and Representation 6
4 Executive
5 Legislature 12
6 Judiciary
7 Federalism 6
8 Local Governments 4
9 Constitution as a Living Document
4
10 The Philosophy of the Constitution
Marks allotted to Indian Constitution at Work 40
PART B
POLITICAL THEORY
1 Political Theory: An Introduction 4
2 Freedom
12
3 Equality
4 Social Justice 6
5 Rights 4
6 Citizenship
8
7 Nationalism
8 Secularism 6
Marks allotted for Political Theory 40
Total 80




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, CLASS XI

COURSE CONTENT


Chapter No. and Name Learning Outcomes with Specific
Competencies
1- Constitution: Why and How? Students will be able to:

a) Why do we need a Constitution?  Appreciate the need fora Constitution.
 Constitution allows coordination and  Understand the historical processes and the
assurance circumstances in which the Indian
 Specification of decision-making powers Constitution was drafted.
 Limitations on the powers of government  Critically evaluate how constitutions, govern
 Aspirations and goals of a society the distribution of power in society.
 Fundamental identity of a people  Analyse the ways in which the provisions of
b) The authority of a Constitution the Constitution have worked in real political
 Mode of promulgation life.
 The substantive provisions of constitution
 Balanced institutional design
c) How was the Indian Constitution made?
 Composition of the Constituent Assembly
 Procedures
 Inheritance of the nationalist movement
 Institutional arrangements
d) Provisions adapted from Constitutions of
different countries
2- Rights in the Indian Constitution Students will be able to:

a) The importance of rights  Analyse the working of the Constitution in
 Bill of Rights real life
b) Fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution  Learn to respect others, think critically, and
 Right to Equality make informed decisions
 Right to Freedom  Identify violations of the rights to equality
 Right against Exploitation and freedom in the society around them
 Right to Freedom of Religion  Justify the need for reasonable restrictions
 Cultural and Educational Rights on the rights guaranteed.
 Right to Constitutional Remedies  Use freedom of expression to advocate for
c) Directive principles of state policy ensuring rights is given to people around
 What do the directive principles contain? them.
d) Relationship between fundamental rights
and directive principles




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