BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam with accurate
and verified questions covering the
structure and function of cells, cellular
transport, metabolism, and an introduction
to tissues and organ systems in human
biology.
What is cellular metabolism? - ANSWER>>Metabolism is a controlled set of
biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain
life
What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? -
ANSWER>>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the
enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by
the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the
absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence
enzymes are active.
Why is the ETC generally diagonal and down? - ANSWER>>Electrons move
in a sequential chain, losing energy with each step in the transfer. So this
makes the process more efficient
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC (thus ending the reaction)? -
ANSWER>>Oxygen
Where is the ETC located in prokaryotes? - ANSWER>>Plasma membrane
What is electron energy used for in the ETC? - ANSWER>>Pumping protons
across the membrane to set up the proton gradient
How many net molecules of ATP are produced by the end of cellular
respiration in prokaryotes? - ANSWER>>38
, How many net molecules of ATP are produced by the end of cellular
respiration in eukaryotes? - ANSWER>>36
What is the final electron acceptor in fermentation? - ANSWER>>An organic
molecule, often pyruvic acid
Which is the most efficient respiration pathway? - ANSWER>>Aerobic
respiration
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? -
ANSWER>>Inorganic molecules other than oxygen, often nitrate, nitrite,
carbonate, and sulfate
What method of phosphorylation is used for fermentation? -
ANSWER>>Substrate-level phosphorylation
What method of phosphorylation is used for aerobic and anaerobic
respiration? - ANSWER>>Substrate level and oxidative
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? -
ANSWER>>Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules
into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or
biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger
complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______
energy. - ANSWER>>Donate, accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? -
ANSWER>>Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals
found in the environment, can be divided into either organotrophs
(removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs,
which remove electrons from inorganic molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? -
ANSWER>>Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept
and verified questions covering the
structure and function of cells, cellular
transport, metabolism, and an introduction
to tissues and organ systems in human
biology.
What is cellular metabolism? - ANSWER>>Metabolism is a controlled set of
biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain
life
What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? -
ANSWER>>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the
enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by
the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the
absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence
enzymes are active.
Why is the ETC generally diagonal and down? - ANSWER>>Electrons move
in a sequential chain, losing energy with each step in the transfer. So this
makes the process more efficient
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC (thus ending the reaction)? -
ANSWER>>Oxygen
Where is the ETC located in prokaryotes? - ANSWER>>Plasma membrane
What is electron energy used for in the ETC? - ANSWER>>Pumping protons
across the membrane to set up the proton gradient
How many net molecules of ATP are produced by the end of cellular
respiration in prokaryotes? - ANSWER>>38
, How many net molecules of ATP are produced by the end of cellular
respiration in eukaryotes? - ANSWER>>36
What is the final electron acceptor in fermentation? - ANSWER>>An organic
molecule, often pyruvic acid
Which is the most efficient respiration pathway? - ANSWER>>Aerobic
respiration
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? -
ANSWER>>Inorganic molecules other than oxygen, often nitrate, nitrite,
carbonate, and sulfate
What method of phosphorylation is used for fermentation? -
ANSWER>>Substrate-level phosphorylation
What method of phosphorylation is used for aerobic and anaerobic
respiration? - ANSWER>>Substrate level and oxidative
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? -
ANSWER>>Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules
into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or
biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger
complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______
energy. - ANSWER>>Donate, accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? -
ANSWER>>Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals
found in the environment, can be divided into either organotrophs
(removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs,
which remove electrons from inorganic molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? -
ANSWER>>Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept
