GCU BIO-182 EXAM 2 (ACTUAL 2025) WITH 100%
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Green Algae
____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives of
land plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes
• Rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Bryophytes
Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________
Bryophytes
_____________ are not a monophyletic group; their
relationships to each other and to vascular plants is unresolved
,Lycophytes
Club mosses and their relatives
Seed
A _________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a
protective coat
Hyphae
Networks of branched ____________ adapted for absorption
Chitin
Fungal cell walls contain _________________
Septa
Most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by ___________,
with pores allowing cell-to-cell movement of organelles
,Coenocytic fungi
_______________ lack septa and have a continuous
cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
Haustoria
Some unique fungi have specialized hyphae called
_______________ that allow them to penetrate the tissues of
their host
Mycorrhizae
_______________ are mutually beneficial relationships
between fungi and plant roots
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
____________________ form sheaths of hyphae over a root
and also grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
__________________________ extend hyphae through the
cell walls of root cells and into tubes formed by invagination
of the root cell membrane
, Pheromones
Fungi use sexual signaling molecules called ______________
to communicate their mating type
Plasmogamy
_________________ is the union of cytoplasm from two
parent mycelia
Heterokaryon
In most fungi, the haploid nuclei from each parent do not fuse
right away; they coexist in the mycelium, called a
_____________
Dikaryotic
In some fungi, the haploid nuclei pair off two to a cell; such a
mycelium is said to be ______________
Karyogamy
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Green Algae
____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives of
land plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes
• Rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Bryophytes
Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________
Bryophytes
_____________ are not a monophyletic group; their
relationships to each other and to vascular plants is unresolved
,Lycophytes
Club mosses and their relatives
Seed
A _________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a
protective coat
Hyphae
Networks of branched ____________ adapted for absorption
Chitin
Fungal cell walls contain _________________
Septa
Most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by ___________,
with pores allowing cell-to-cell movement of organelles
,Coenocytic fungi
_______________ lack septa and have a continuous
cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
Haustoria
Some unique fungi have specialized hyphae called
_______________ that allow them to penetrate the tissues of
their host
Mycorrhizae
_______________ are mutually beneficial relationships
between fungi and plant roots
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
____________________ form sheaths of hyphae over a root
and also grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
__________________________ extend hyphae through the
cell walls of root cells and into tubes formed by invagination
of the root cell membrane
, Pheromones
Fungi use sexual signaling molecules called ______________
to communicate their mating type
Plasmogamy
_________________ is the union of cytoplasm from two
parent mycelia
Heterokaryon
In most fungi, the haploid nuclei from each parent do not fuse
right away; they coexist in the mycelium, called a
_____________
Dikaryotic
In some fungi, the haploid nuclei pair off two to a cell; such a
mycelium is said to be ______________
Karyogamy
