Bio 2B03 Final Exam Graded A+ (Verified)
2. transient association - ANSWER-neutrophils still pushed by flow of blood
3. prometaphase - ANSWER-chrom are max condensed, bipolar microtubules attaching
at centrosomes, kinetochore proteins attaching to centrosomes
3. rolling - ANSWER-adhesion of neutrophil to endothelial cell slows neutrophil
movement
4 genes essential for apoptosis - ANSWER-ced-3, ced-4, ced-9, egl-1
4. metaphase - ANSWER-attachment of every chromosome to spindle microtubule-
bipolar attachment, aggregate in middle
4. slow rolling - ANSWER-as neutrophil gets closer to site of infection, density of
selectins increase= more connections between selectins and ligands
5. anaphase - ANSWER-sister chromatid separation
5. firm adhesions - ANSWER-PAF (platelet activating factor) can interact with PAF
receptor on neutrophil- this connection activates signalling pathway: integrins connect
with their receptor, ICAMs (change shape to open binding spot) - very strong cnxn
6. telophase - ANSWER-reverse all cellular changes that occured
6. transmigration - ANSWER-neutrophil stopped at site of infection and crawls between
endo. cells
- cnxn between endo cells broken by enzymes from transmigrating neutrophil
7. cytokinesis - ANSWER-pinches off cell membrane between 2 cells
adherens junction - ANSWER-cnct actin cytoskeleton with neighbouring cells
APC when associated with APC-Cdc20 - ANSWER-regulates transition from metaphase
to anaphase
APC when associated with APC-Cdh1 - ANSWER-mediates exit from mitosis
APC: anaphase promoting complex - ANSWER-E3 ligase complex
apoptotic pathway - ANSWER-cell execution, engulfment, clearance
ATM - ANSWER-binds to 2le stranded breaks in DNA
-target: chk2
, ATR - ANSWER-kinase that's activated when bound to thymine dimers
-target: chk1
atr binds to chk1 binds to cdc25 - ANSWER-
Aurora B - ANSWER-kinase: phosphorylates H1 and H3
Bad - ANSWER-apoptotic signal, inactivated while phosphorylated and bound to
cystolic adaptor protein: 14-3-3
blebbing - ANSWER-appearance of protrusions/ bulges
c-fos and c-jun - ANSWER-transcription factors coded by early response genes
-c-fos induces expression of cyclin/cdk req. for cell division, activates delayed response
gene expresion
cadherins - ANSWER-critical cell adhesion molecules of adherens
-CA2+ dependent
-mediate epi cell-cell adhesions
CAK - ANSWER-kinase that phosphorylates threonine 161 (T161)- activating
phosphol'n
CAM (cell adhesion molecule) - ANSWER-transmembrane protein that spans the cell
catenin - ANSWER-mediates adhesion by anchoring cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
cdc (cell division mutants) - ANSWER-mutations in cell cycle regulators
cdc1 - ANSWER-phosphatase- inactivates cyclinB/CDK
cdc13 - ANSWER-homologous to cdc13
-oscillates in cell cycle
-req. for mitosis
cdc14 - ANSWER-phosphatase that dephosphorylates cdh1, activates cdh1, cdh1 can
now bind to APC and target cyclinB for degredation
-hidden in nucleolus during early mitosis
-released during anaphase (when sis. chromatids are separated)
-also targets sic1: prevents premature entry into next cell cycle
cdc2 - ANSWER-CDK of MPF- needed for cell division
-gain of function mut'n (wee): cdcD- dominant
-loss of function mut'n (elongated):cdc2- recessive
cdc2-cdc13 complex - ANSWER-functions as MPF
2. transient association - ANSWER-neutrophils still pushed by flow of blood
3. prometaphase - ANSWER-chrom are max condensed, bipolar microtubules attaching
at centrosomes, kinetochore proteins attaching to centrosomes
3. rolling - ANSWER-adhesion of neutrophil to endothelial cell slows neutrophil
movement
4 genes essential for apoptosis - ANSWER-ced-3, ced-4, ced-9, egl-1
4. metaphase - ANSWER-attachment of every chromosome to spindle microtubule-
bipolar attachment, aggregate in middle
4. slow rolling - ANSWER-as neutrophil gets closer to site of infection, density of
selectins increase= more connections between selectins and ligands
5. anaphase - ANSWER-sister chromatid separation
5. firm adhesions - ANSWER-PAF (platelet activating factor) can interact with PAF
receptor on neutrophil- this connection activates signalling pathway: integrins connect
with their receptor, ICAMs (change shape to open binding spot) - very strong cnxn
6. telophase - ANSWER-reverse all cellular changes that occured
6. transmigration - ANSWER-neutrophil stopped at site of infection and crawls between
endo. cells
- cnxn between endo cells broken by enzymes from transmigrating neutrophil
7. cytokinesis - ANSWER-pinches off cell membrane between 2 cells
adherens junction - ANSWER-cnct actin cytoskeleton with neighbouring cells
APC when associated with APC-Cdc20 - ANSWER-regulates transition from metaphase
to anaphase
APC when associated with APC-Cdh1 - ANSWER-mediates exit from mitosis
APC: anaphase promoting complex - ANSWER-E3 ligase complex
apoptotic pathway - ANSWER-cell execution, engulfment, clearance
ATM - ANSWER-binds to 2le stranded breaks in DNA
-target: chk2
, ATR - ANSWER-kinase that's activated when bound to thymine dimers
-target: chk1
atr binds to chk1 binds to cdc25 - ANSWER-
Aurora B - ANSWER-kinase: phosphorylates H1 and H3
Bad - ANSWER-apoptotic signal, inactivated while phosphorylated and bound to
cystolic adaptor protein: 14-3-3
blebbing - ANSWER-appearance of protrusions/ bulges
c-fos and c-jun - ANSWER-transcription factors coded by early response genes
-c-fos induces expression of cyclin/cdk req. for cell division, activates delayed response
gene expresion
cadherins - ANSWER-critical cell adhesion molecules of adherens
-CA2+ dependent
-mediate epi cell-cell adhesions
CAK - ANSWER-kinase that phosphorylates threonine 161 (T161)- activating
phosphol'n
CAM (cell adhesion molecule) - ANSWER-transmembrane protein that spans the cell
catenin - ANSWER-mediates adhesion by anchoring cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
cdc (cell division mutants) - ANSWER-mutations in cell cycle regulators
cdc1 - ANSWER-phosphatase- inactivates cyclinB/CDK
cdc13 - ANSWER-homologous to cdc13
-oscillates in cell cycle
-req. for mitosis
cdc14 - ANSWER-phosphatase that dephosphorylates cdh1, activates cdh1, cdh1 can
now bind to APC and target cyclinB for degredation
-hidden in nucleolus during early mitosis
-released during anaphase (when sis. chromatids are separated)
-also targets sic1: prevents premature entry into next cell cycle
cdc2 - ANSWER-CDK of MPF- needed for cell division
-gain of function mut'n (wee): cdcD- dominant
-loss of function mut'n (elongated):cdc2- recessive
cdc2-cdc13 complex - ANSWER-functions as MPF
