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1. How should the lower leg be positioned?: It should be kept back so that the
toe is not in front of the knee and be free to
apply close behind the girth, lightly touching the horse's sides and the stirrup
leather should be perpendicular to the ground.
2. What does the word "aid" mean?: Two things: (1) Natural aids are what the rider
uses to convey his intentions
to his horse, and (2) artificial aids are things used for reinforcing the natural
aids.
3. Name the natural and artificial aids.: Natural: Voice, body, hands and legs
Artificial: Crops, spurs and martingales
4. Describe jumping position.: Head up; looking in the direction headed; angle of
hip closed; arms slightly
bent with straight line from bit to elbow following movement and keeping
contact without interfering; stirrups short enough to easily maintain position
while keeping in balance with horse's movement; heels down; lower leg close
to horse's side.
5. Explain why you post on the outside diagonal and canter on the inside
lead.: To aid in the horse's balance
6. What to cavelletties do for the rider? For the horse?: Rider: Helps strengthen
the rider's basic position over fences combining
suppleness, balance, and strength.
Horse: Develops the strength, rhythm and balance of its stride.
7. What is a simple change of lead?: For hunters, it is changing the lead by
executing a downward transition from a
canter to trot for no more than three steps and then picking up the opposite
lead.
8. Name five rider faults that may occur when jumping.: Complete loss of posi-
tion
Toes pointing down
Poor timing-e.g. ahead or behind horse
Standing up in stirrups
Dropping head/looking down
9. Why should there be a ground line for each fence?: Ground lines assist a
horse in sizing up the fence and finding the right
take-off spot.
10. What is halting square?: When the horse's weight is distributed evenly over all
four feet with the
fore and hind in pairs abreast of each other.
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