ILTS ELA Content Exam 207
1. tone: the writer's attitude toward or feelings about the subject
matter and audi- ence. AUTHOR FEELS
2. close reading: describes the careful, sustained interpretation
of a brief passage of a text= up close look at literature
3. inference: steps in reasoning, moving from premises to
conclusions or using observation and background to reach logical
conclusion= use to find intended meaning
4. symbols: sign that represents, stands for, or suggests another
idea, visual image, belief, action, or material entity
5. mood: emotional state, or feeling you get while reading a story,
atmosphere of story HOW WE FEEL
6. metonmy: figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called
not by its own name, but rather by a metonym, the name of
something associated in meaning with that thing or concept. ex:
saying "kicks" instead of shoes
contextual associations= part does not have to refer to the whole
or vice versa
,7. allusion: figure of speech, indirect or glancing reference to
another work, person, place or event. ex: Professor is colder than
Darth Vader
need to know what is being referenced, because reference is not
explained
8. allegory: literary device that is an extended metaphor ex:
Animal Farm
9. catharsis: when literature provides strong emotional
experiences (emotions such as pity and fear) that ultimately result
in a sense of purification (renewal and restoration)
10. symbolic foreshadowing: foreshadowing or guessing ahead
which is a literary device that authors use to hit at what is to come
11. litotes: figure of speech that uses understatement to
emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a
positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect. ex: "She
is not unfunny" instead of saying "She is funny"
12. tragedy: form of drama based on human suffering that
invokes an accompany- ing catharsis or pleasures in audiences
ex: Shakespeare's Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
13. repetition: the action of repeating something that has already
been said or written. an overlooked literary device, creates moods
and develops characters
, 14. understatement: form of speech or disclosure which contains
an expression of lesser strength than what would be expected. ex:
getting your arm cut off and saying "Tis a scratch"
15. irony: rhetorical device/literary technique that relies on the
difference between expression and outcome
16. verbal irony: when speaker says opposite of what they mean=
sarcasm
17. dramatic irony: playwright/novelist creates an ironic situation
that reader/viewer only knows about
ex: the wife thinks her husband is dead, but the
audience/reader/viewer knows he is still alive
18. situational irony: when the exact opposite of what is meant to
happen, happens ex: wife finds out her husband is dead and is
relieved
19. simile: A comparison using "like" or "as"
20. metaphor: kind of analogy that uses figurative language
connecting one thing to another to highlight how they are alike=
makes subject equivalent to the thing it is being compared to
forces brain to work harder to grab authors intent
21. parable: moral story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one of
more instructive lessons or principles ex: parables in the bible
1. tone: the writer's attitude toward or feelings about the subject
matter and audi- ence. AUTHOR FEELS
2. close reading: describes the careful, sustained interpretation
of a brief passage of a text= up close look at literature
3. inference: steps in reasoning, moving from premises to
conclusions or using observation and background to reach logical
conclusion= use to find intended meaning
4. symbols: sign that represents, stands for, or suggests another
idea, visual image, belief, action, or material entity
5. mood: emotional state, or feeling you get while reading a story,
atmosphere of story HOW WE FEEL
6. metonmy: figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called
not by its own name, but rather by a metonym, the name of
something associated in meaning with that thing or concept. ex:
saying "kicks" instead of shoes
contextual associations= part does not have to refer to the whole
or vice versa
,7. allusion: figure of speech, indirect or glancing reference to
another work, person, place or event. ex: Professor is colder than
Darth Vader
need to know what is being referenced, because reference is not
explained
8. allegory: literary device that is an extended metaphor ex:
Animal Farm
9. catharsis: when literature provides strong emotional
experiences (emotions such as pity and fear) that ultimately result
in a sense of purification (renewal and restoration)
10. symbolic foreshadowing: foreshadowing or guessing ahead
which is a literary device that authors use to hit at what is to come
11. litotes: figure of speech that uses understatement to
emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a
positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect. ex: "She
is not unfunny" instead of saying "She is funny"
12. tragedy: form of drama based on human suffering that
invokes an accompany- ing catharsis or pleasures in audiences
ex: Shakespeare's Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
13. repetition: the action of repeating something that has already
been said or written. an overlooked literary device, creates moods
and develops characters
, 14. understatement: form of speech or disclosure which contains
an expression of lesser strength than what would be expected. ex:
getting your arm cut off and saying "Tis a scratch"
15. irony: rhetorical device/literary technique that relies on the
difference between expression and outcome
16. verbal irony: when speaker says opposite of what they mean=
sarcasm
17. dramatic irony: playwright/novelist creates an ironic situation
that reader/viewer only knows about
ex: the wife thinks her husband is dead, but the
audience/reader/viewer knows he is still alive
18. situational irony: when the exact opposite of what is meant to
happen, happens ex: wife finds out her husband is dead and is
relieved
19. simile: A comparison using "like" or "as"
20. metaphor: kind of analogy that uses figurative language
connecting one thing to another to highlight how they are alike=
makes subject equivalent to the thing it is being compared to
forces brain to work harder to grab authors intent
21. parable: moral story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one of
more instructive lessons or principles ex: parables in the bible
