-2019-DISEASE DILEMMA COMPREHENCIVE FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Morbidity
illness
Endemic
exists permanently/ predictably in an area or population
e.g. flu
Maleria cycle
- Only spread by female mosquito
- The mosquito bites and the saliva enters the blood
- Parasite enters liver, where it breeds and multiplies
- There are thousands of parasites in one cell, it ruptures
- The parasites then enter the red blood cells
- Another mosquito will bite the infected person, extracting contaminated red blood
cells
Malaria is reliant on 3 factors
1 - High rainfall, to produce aquatic conditions, must be stagnant, females lay eggs
in this water
2 - Temperature, between 18-40 degrees Celsius, the higher the temp, the more
active they are
3 - Relative humidity - average monthly humidity of over 60%, better chance of
survival and more activity
Mortality
,death
ITCZ
Intertropical Convergence zone. Belt of low pressure around the equator. formed by
the vertical ascent of warm, moist air from the latitudes north and south of the
equator. Lots of precipitation.
Ideal for water borne diseases
Epidemic
outbreak that attacks many people at the same time & spreads in the restricted area
e.g. Ebola
Infectious
A disease that is caused by a pathogen causing an infection (not all are
communicable)
Non-infectious
not caused by a pathogen carrying a disease.
Effects of climate change on disease
- More areas where certain diseases can spread
- Pathogens, vectors, host, can experience climate and habitat changes outside their
range of tolerance
- More extreme weather = more chances for diseases to spread, crowded conditions
- Extreme rainfall increase of waterborne diseases
Pandemic
an epidemic that has spread worldwide
e.g. Covid-19
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease (virus, bacteria, fungus)
Causes of disease diffusion
, - poor living/working conditions
- inaccessible healthcare
- lack of education
Frictional effect of distance
The further away you are from the source, the less likely you are to contract the
disease
- Places closer to the source are more likely to see a higher incidence
- Areas further away from the source are less likely to be affected and/or will be
affected at a later date
Vector
A carrier of a disease (mosquito, tick, dog)
Zoonotic
Infectious animal disease that is transmitted from animals to people
Prevalence
Total number of cases in a population at a particular time
Incidence
Number of NEW cases in a population during a particular time period
Incidence rate
Number of new cases / number of people at risk
Expansion diffusion
Infection spreads out from the source in all directions from point of origin
Expanding disease diffuses outwards into new areas
The disease often intensifies in the originating area
e.g. Spanish Flu 1918, Covid-19
Contagious diffusion
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Morbidity
illness
Endemic
exists permanently/ predictably in an area or population
e.g. flu
Maleria cycle
- Only spread by female mosquito
- The mosquito bites and the saliva enters the blood
- Parasite enters liver, where it breeds and multiplies
- There are thousands of parasites in one cell, it ruptures
- The parasites then enter the red blood cells
- Another mosquito will bite the infected person, extracting contaminated red blood
cells
Malaria is reliant on 3 factors
1 - High rainfall, to produce aquatic conditions, must be stagnant, females lay eggs
in this water
2 - Temperature, between 18-40 degrees Celsius, the higher the temp, the more
active they are
3 - Relative humidity - average monthly humidity of over 60%, better chance of
survival and more activity
Mortality
,death
ITCZ
Intertropical Convergence zone. Belt of low pressure around the equator. formed by
the vertical ascent of warm, moist air from the latitudes north and south of the
equator. Lots of precipitation.
Ideal for water borne diseases
Epidemic
outbreak that attacks many people at the same time & spreads in the restricted area
e.g. Ebola
Infectious
A disease that is caused by a pathogen causing an infection (not all are
communicable)
Non-infectious
not caused by a pathogen carrying a disease.
Effects of climate change on disease
- More areas where certain diseases can spread
- Pathogens, vectors, host, can experience climate and habitat changes outside their
range of tolerance
- More extreme weather = more chances for diseases to spread, crowded conditions
- Extreme rainfall increase of waterborne diseases
Pandemic
an epidemic that has spread worldwide
e.g. Covid-19
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease (virus, bacteria, fungus)
Causes of disease diffusion
, - poor living/working conditions
- inaccessible healthcare
- lack of education
Frictional effect of distance
The further away you are from the source, the less likely you are to contract the
disease
- Places closer to the source are more likely to see a higher incidence
- Areas further away from the source are less likely to be affected and/or will be
affected at a later date
Vector
A carrier of a disease (mosquito, tick, dog)
Zoonotic
Infectious animal disease that is transmitted from animals to people
Prevalence
Total number of cases in a population at a particular time
Incidence
Number of NEW cases in a population during a particular time period
Incidence rate
Number of new cases / number of people at risk
Expansion diffusion
Infection spreads out from the source in all directions from point of origin
Expanding disease diffuses outwards into new areas
The disease often intensifies in the originating area
e.g. Spanish Flu 1918, Covid-19
Contagious diffusion
