Language & Literacy (305 Content Exam)
1. Oral language components: syntax, phonological skills,
morphological skills, pragmatics, vocabulary
2. Syntax: understanding word order and grammar rules
3. Phonological skills: awareness of sounds (ex- syllables and
rhymes)
4. Morphological skills: understanding the meaning of word
forms and parts
5. Pragmatics: social rule of communication
6. Vocabulary: meaning of words and phrases
7. Assessment: formative, summative, benchmark reading,
progress monitoring, diagnostic reading test
8. Formative: informs instruction (for learning)
9. Summative: what you have learned (of learning)
10. Benchmark reading: usually given in the fall, winter, spring
11. Progress monitoring: weekly/biweekly screenings
12. Diagnostic Reading test: individual students specific areas
of weakness, use the results to inform instruction, used after
progress monitoring, pre-intervention step
13. Reading levels: independent, instructional, frustration
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, 14. Independent level: 97-100% accuracy; fluent reading; 90-
100% comprehen- sion
15. Instructional level: 90-96% accuracy; somewhat fluent; 75-
90% comprehen- sion
16. Frustration level: < 90% accuracy; may/may not be fluent;
comprehension low
17. Phonological Awareness: Awareness of the words, syllables,
rhymes, and sounds in language. (Words in sentences)
18. Syllables: a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound,
with or without surrounding consonants. (Ze-bra; 2 syllables- 1
open syllable and 1 closed syllable)
19. Open syllable: ends with a long vowel sound spelled with one
vowel letter; no consonant to close it
To-tal Ri-val Bi-ble
20. Closed syllable: short vowel in syllable, vowel is followed
(closed) by a conso- nant
Com-mon
But-ter
21. Onset: initial phonological unit of any word (c-at)
22. Rime: refers to the string of letters that follow, usually a vowel
and final conso- nants (c-at)
23. Rhyme: repetition of similar sounds in two or more words.
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1. Oral language components: syntax, phonological skills,
morphological skills, pragmatics, vocabulary
2. Syntax: understanding word order and grammar rules
3. Phonological skills: awareness of sounds (ex- syllables and
rhymes)
4. Morphological skills: understanding the meaning of word
forms and parts
5. Pragmatics: social rule of communication
6. Vocabulary: meaning of words and phrases
7. Assessment: formative, summative, benchmark reading,
progress monitoring, diagnostic reading test
8. Formative: informs instruction (for learning)
9. Summative: what you have learned (of learning)
10. Benchmark reading: usually given in the fall, winter, spring
11. Progress monitoring: weekly/biweekly screenings
12. Diagnostic Reading test: individual students specific areas
of weakness, use the results to inform instruction, used after
progress monitoring, pre-intervention step
13. Reading levels: independent, instructional, frustration
1/ 5
, 14. Independent level: 97-100% accuracy; fluent reading; 90-
100% comprehen- sion
15. Instructional level: 90-96% accuracy; somewhat fluent; 75-
90% comprehen- sion
16. Frustration level: < 90% accuracy; may/may not be fluent;
comprehension low
17. Phonological Awareness: Awareness of the words, syllables,
rhymes, and sounds in language. (Words in sentences)
18. Syllables: a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound,
with or without surrounding consonants. (Ze-bra; 2 syllables- 1
open syllable and 1 closed syllable)
19. Open syllable: ends with a long vowel sound spelled with one
vowel letter; no consonant to close it
To-tal Ri-val Bi-ble
20. Closed syllable: short vowel in syllable, vowel is followed
(closed) by a conso- nant
Com-mon
But-ter
21. Onset: initial phonological unit of any word (c-at)
22. Rime: refers to the string of letters that follow, usually a vowel
and final conso- nants (c-at)
23. Rhyme: repetition of similar sounds in two or more words.
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