COMMUNITY MEDICINE SET OF QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Whose blood pressure should be checked regularly?
All adults (>18) at least two-yearly
Who should be screened for dyslipidaemia and how often?
Adults >44
5-yearly
What are the limits of grade 1 (mild) hypertension?
SBP 140-159 and/or DBP 90-99
What are the limits of grade 2 (moderate) hypertension?
SBP 160-179 and/or DBP 100/109
What are the limits of grade 3 (severe) hypertension?
SBP >180 and/or DBP >110
Who should be screened for type II DM and how often?
Increased risk (adults >44, ATSI people >18) --> use AUSDRISK tool 3-yearly
High risk (>40 and overweight, AUSDRISK >11, first-degree relative with T2DM,
high-risk ethnicity, high CVD risk, gestational DM, PCOS, antipsychotic drugs,
impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) --> FBC or HBA1c 3-yearly
What is the first step in treating hypertension?
ACEI or ARB (if sensitive to cough)
Thiazide
DHP Ca channel blocker
1
,What is the second step in treating hypertension?
Add second agent (ACEI/ARB, thiazide, or DHP CCB)
What is the third step in treating hypertension?
Increase doses of antihypertensives
What is the fourth step in treating hypertension?
Add third agent (ACEI/ARB, thiazide, or DHP CCB)
What are the adverse effects of ACEIs?
Cough
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment
Angioedema (rare)
Who is automatically at high absolute CVD risk?
• Established CVD
• Diabetes in patients older than 60 years
• Diabetes with microalbuminuria (more than 20 micrograms/min, or urinary
albumin:creatinine ratio more than 2.5 mg/mmol for men or more than 3.5 mg/mmol
for women)
• Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (persistent proteinuria or eGFR less than
45 mL/min/1.73m2)
• A prior diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia
• Systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg
• Serum total cholesterol ≥7.5 mmol/L
• ATSI adults ≥75 years
What is the CVD risk management for people at high risk of CVD events (>15%
over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
2
, Lipid-lowering therapy
Anti-hypertensive therapy
What is the CVD risk management for people at moderate risk of CVD events (>10-
15% over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
Consider anti-hypertensives and lipid-lowering therapy if any of the following
present: hypertension, ATSI, FHx of premature CVD,
What is the CVD risk management for people at low risk of CVD events (><10%
over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
Consider anti-hypertensives therapy if moderate hypertension present
What are the treatment targets for antihypertensives?
<140/90 in most people and CKD
<130/80 in diabetes mellitus & albuminuria
What are the treatment targets for lipid-lowering therapy?
TC <4
LDL <2
Non-HDL <2.5
HDL >1
TG <2
What are the adverse effects of ARBs?
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment (cough and angioedema rare)
What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
Peripheral vasodilation (peripheral oedema, flushing, headache, dizziness)
Bradycardia
3
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Whose blood pressure should be checked regularly?
All adults (>18) at least two-yearly
Who should be screened for dyslipidaemia and how often?
Adults >44
5-yearly
What are the limits of grade 1 (mild) hypertension?
SBP 140-159 and/or DBP 90-99
What are the limits of grade 2 (moderate) hypertension?
SBP 160-179 and/or DBP 100/109
What are the limits of grade 3 (severe) hypertension?
SBP >180 and/or DBP >110
Who should be screened for type II DM and how often?
Increased risk (adults >44, ATSI people >18) --> use AUSDRISK tool 3-yearly
High risk (>40 and overweight, AUSDRISK >11, first-degree relative with T2DM,
high-risk ethnicity, high CVD risk, gestational DM, PCOS, antipsychotic drugs,
impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) --> FBC or HBA1c 3-yearly
What is the first step in treating hypertension?
ACEI or ARB (if sensitive to cough)
Thiazide
DHP Ca channel blocker
1
,What is the second step in treating hypertension?
Add second agent (ACEI/ARB, thiazide, or DHP CCB)
What is the third step in treating hypertension?
Increase doses of antihypertensives
What is the fourth step in treating hypertension?
Add third agent (ACEI/ARB, thiazide, or DHP CCB)
What are the adverse effects of ACEIs?
Cough
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment
Angioedema (rare)
Who is automatically at high absolute CVD risk?
• Established CVD
• Diabetes in patients older than 60 years
• Diabetes with microalbuminuria (more than 20 micrograms/min, or urinary
albumin:creatinine ratio more than 2.5 mg/mmol for men or more than 3.5 mg/mmol
for women)
• Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (persistent proteinuria or eGFR less than
45 mL/min/1.73m2)
• A prior diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia
• Systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg
• Serum total cholesterol ≥7.5 mmol/L
• ATSI adults ≥75 years
What is the CVD risk management for people at high risk of CVD events (>15%
over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
2
, Lipid-lowering therapy
Anti-hypertensive therapy
What is the CVD risk management for people at moderate risk of CVD events (>10-
15% over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
Consider anti-hypertensives and lipid-lowering therapy if any of the following
present: hypertension, ATSI, FHx of premature CVD,
What is the CVD risk management for people at low risk of CVD events (><10%
over 5 years)?
Lifestyle advice
Consider anti-hypertensives therapy if moderate hypertension present
What are the treatment targets for antihypertensives?
<140/90 in most people and CKD
<130/80 in diabetes mellitus & albuminuria
What are the treatment targets for lipid-lowering therapy?
TC <4
LDL <2
Non-HDL <2.5
HDL >1
TG <2
What are the adverse effects of ARBs?
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment (cough and angioedema rare)
What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
Peripheral vasodilation (peripheral oedema, flushing, headache, dizziness)
Bradycardia
3
