ATI PROCTORED EXAM - MATERNAL
NEWBORN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
100% CORRECT
Postpartum diuresis is the loss of the remaining pregnancy-induced increase in blood
volume. The loss of excess tissue fluid begins within 12 hours after birth. Fluid loss by
urination and perspiration results in a weight loss of approximately 2.27 kg (5 lb) during
the early postpartum period.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Postpartum diuresis is attributed to decreased estrogen levels, the removal of
increased venous pressure in the lower extremities, and the loss of the remaining
pregnancy-induced increase in blood volume.
B. Postpartum diuresis is caused by decreased estrogen levels. Fluid loss by
urination and perspiration results in a weight loss of approximately 2.27 kg (5 lb) during
the early postpartum period.
C. Postpartum diuresis is caused, in part, by the removal of increased venous pressure
in the lower extremities. Urine output can exceed 3000 mL/day during the first 2 to 3
days postpartum.
The parents of a child with phenylketonuria (PKU) ask the nurse if their second unborn
child could have the same condition. The nurse should base the response on which of
the following inheritance patterns responsible for PKU? - ANSWER Correct ANSWER:
C.
Autosomal recessive
PKU is inherited by autosomal-recessive gene patterns. In these types of disorders,
neither parent may actually have the disorder, but both mother and father must carry
and contribute a variant gene for it to occur. Other autosomal-recessive disorders are
cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. PKU does not have an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. In X-linked
recessive disorders, the abnormal gene is carried on the X chromosome. In males, only
1 copy of the abnormal gene is required for the disorder to be expressed in males since
the Y chromosome does not carry the disorder. Females must have 2 copies of the
gene. Examples of this type of disorder are hemophilia and color blindness.
,B. PKU does not have an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. In X-linked
dominant disorders, the abnormal gene is carried on the X chromosome. Only 1 copy of
the abnormal gene is necessary for the disorder to occur. However, males are more
likely to be severely affected due to the homozygous expression. There are only a few
disorders that follow this pattern of inheritance. Examples include vitamin D-resistant
rickets and Rett syndrome.
D. PKU does not have an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance. In these
disorders, only 1 copy of the variant gene is necessary for the disorder to occur.
Examples of this type of disorder are neurofibromatosis and Treacher Collins syndrome.
A nurse is teaching a client about physiological changes that can occur with
menopause. Which of the following changes should the nurse include? - ANSWER
Correct ANSWER:
C. Stress incontinence
The nurse should teach the client that stress incontinence can occur due to the
shrinking of the uterus, vulva, and distal portion of the urethra.
Urinary incontinence and uterine displacement can occur because of common age-
related changes but are not necessarily a result of menopause-related changes.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. The nurse should teach the client that urinary frequency, not hesitancy, can occur
due to the shrinking of the uterus, vulva, and distal portion of the urethra.
B. The nurse should teach the client that hematuria is a manifestation of irritation to the
bladder mucosa and might indicate a urinary tract infection. It is not an expected change
associated with menopause.
D. The nurse should teach the client that vaginal dryness can occur with menopause
due to the vaginal walls becoming thinner and drier, delaying lubrication. This can lead
to painful intercourse.
A nurse is providing education about newborn skin care for a group of new parents.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER: B.Sponge bathe the newborn every other day
Daily bathing can disrupt the acid mantle of the newborn's skin and alter skin integrity.
The parents should sponge bathe the infant until the cord stump has detached and the
area has healed.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
,A. In uncircumcised males, the foreskin adheres to the glans of the penis. Parents
should not attempt to retract the foreskin before the age of 3 years. Parents should
wash the penis with soap and water.
C. The parents should avoid using antimicrobial soaps and instead use soap with a
neutral pH and no preservatives to protect the acid mantle of the newborn's skin.
D. The parents should maintain the bath water temperature between 38° and 40°C
(100° and 104°F).
A postpartum nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hours postpartum and has a painful
third-degree perineal laceration. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
take? - ANSWER Correct ANSWER:
Apply cold ice packs to the client's perineum
A third-degree laceration extends from the perineum to the external sphincter of the
rectum. This can cause severe discomfort. Cold ice packs are used on the perineal area
during the first 24 hours to decrease edema, pain, and discomfort.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Warm sitz baths are appropriate after the first 24 hours postpartum. A cool sitz
bath is recommended within the first 24 hours to reduce edema and promote comfort.
B. The nurse should encourage the client to sit on firm surfaces. The client should avoid
soft pillows and donut pillows because they separate the buttocks and decrease venous
blood flow, resulting in more pain and discomfort to the perineal area.
D. The use of suppositories or enemas is contraindicated for a client who has a third-
degree perineal laceration due to the severity of the laceration.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a newborn about home safety. Which of
the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching? -
ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
"I will place my baby on his back when putting him to sleep."
Newborns should always sleep on the back to prevent sudden infant death syndrome.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
B. The parents should not place the newborn's crib close to a heat source due to
the risk of the crib linen catching on fire.
C. The parents should always place the newborn in an approved car seat while driving
, with the newborn. Infant carriers are not approved safety seats for motor vehicles.
D. The parents should never tie any type of string or cord around the newborn's neck
due to the risk of strangulation.
A nurse is caring for a newborn who is premature at 30 weeks gestation. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
Abundant lanugo
Newborns who are premature have abundant lanugo (fine hair), especially over their
back. A full-term newborn typically has minimal lanugo present only on the shoulders,
pinna, and forehead.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
B. Newborns who are premature demonstrate hypotonia and a relaxed posture. Fullterm
newborns demonstrate moderate flexion of the arms and legs.
C. Newborns who are premature have few heel creases. Full-term newborns have heel
creases that cover most of the bottom of the feet.
D. Newborns who are premature have abundant vernix caseosa, a thick whitish
substance, covering and protecting their skin in utero. Post-mature newborns are likely
to have dry, parchment-like skin.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and received meperidine for pain 1 hr prior
to entering the second stage of labor. Which of the following actions should the nurse
take? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
Assess the newborn for respiratory depression
Meperidine should not be administered to laboring clients who are expected to deliver
within 4 hours of the medication administration.
This medication crosses the placenta and causes respiratory depression in the
newborn, which peaks in 2 to 3 hours after administration. Narcan is ineffective at
reversing the respiratory depression caused by this medication.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Meperidine does not affect the client's reflexes. It reduces the transmission of pain
impulses through stimulation of the mu and kappa opioid receptors.
NEWBORN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
100% CORRECT
Postpartum diuresis is the loss of the remaining pregnancy-induced increase in blood
volume. The loss of excess tissue fluid begins within 12 hours after birth. Fluid loss by
urination and perspiration results in a weight loss of approximately 2.27 kg (5 lb) during
the early postpartum period.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Postpartum diuresis is attributed to decreased estrogen levels, the removal of
increased venous pressure in the lower extremities, and the loss of the remaining
pregnancy-induced increase in blood volume.
B. Postpartum diuresis is caused by decreased estrogen levels. Fluid loss by
urination and perspiration results in a weight loss of approximately 2.27 kg (5 lb) during
the early postpartum period.
C. Postpartum diuresis is caused, in part, by the removal of increased venous pressure
in the lower extremities. Urine output can exceed 3000 mL/day during the first 2 to 3
days postpartum.
The parents of a child with phenylketonuria (PKU) ask the nurse if their second unborn
child could have the same condition. The nurse should base the response on which of
the following inheritance patterns responsible for PKU? - ANSWER Correct ANSWER:
C.
Autosomal recessive
PKU is inherited by autosomal-recessive gene patterns. In these types of disorders,
neither parent may actually have the disorder, but both mother and father must carry
and contribute a variant gene for it to occur. Other autosomal-recessive disorders are
cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. PKU does not have an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. In X-linked
recessive disorders, the abnormal gene is carried on the X chromosome. In males, only
1 copy of the abnormal gene is required for the disorder to be expressed in males since
the Y chromosome does not carry the disorder. Females must have 2 copies of the
gene. Examples of this type of disorder are hemophilia and color blindness.
,B. PKU does not have an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. In X-linked
dominant disorders, the abnormal gene is carried on the X chromosome. Only 1 copy of
the abnormal gene is necessary for the disorder to occur. However, males are more
likely to be severely affected due to the homozygous expression. There are only a few
disorders that follow this pattern of inheritance. Examples include vitamin D-resistant
rickets and Rett syndrome.
D. PKU does not have an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance. In these
disorders, only 1 copy of the variant gene is necessary for the disorder to occur.
Examples of this type of disorder are neurofibromatosis and Treacher Collins syndrome.
A nurse is teaching a client about physiological changes that can occur with
menopause. Which of the following changes should the nurse include? - ANSWER
Correct ANSWER:
C. Stress incontinence
The nurse should teach the client that stress incontinence can occur due to the
shrinking of the uterus, vulva, and distal portion of the urethra.
Urinary incontinence and uterine displacement can occur because of common age-
related changes but are not necessarily a result of menopause-related changes.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. The nurse should teach the client that urinary frequency, not hesitancy, can occur
due to the shrinking of the uterus, vulva, and distal portion of the urethra.
B. The nurse should teach the client that hematuria is a manifestation of irritation to the
bladder mucosa and might indicate a urinary tract infection. It is not an expected change
associated with menopause.
D. The nurse should teach the client that vaginal dryness can occur with menopause
due to the vaginal walls becoming thinner and drier, delaying lubrication. This can lead
to painful intercourse.
A nurse is providing education about newborn skin care for a group of new parents.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER: B.Sponge bathe the newborn every other day
Daily bathing can disrupt the acid mantle of the newborn's skin and alter skin integrity.
The parents should sponge bathe the infant until the cord stump has detached and the
area has healed.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
,A. In uncircumcised males, the foreskin adheres to the glans of the penis. Parents
should not attempt to retract the foreskin before the age of 3 years. Parents should
wash the penis with soap and water.
C. The parents should avoid using antimicrobial soaps and instead use soap with a
neutral pH and no preservatives to protect the acid mantle of the newborn's skin.
D. The parents should maintain the bath water temperature between 38° and 40°C
(100° and 104°F).
A postpartum nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hours postpartum and has a painful
third-degree perineal laceration. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
take? - ANSWER Correct ANSWER:
Apply cold ice packs to the client's perineum
A third-degree laceration extends from the perineum to the external sphincter of the
rectum. This can cause severe discomfort. Cold ice packs are used on the perineal area
during the first 24 hours to decrease edema, pain, and discomfort.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Warm sitz baths are appropriate after the first 24 hours postpartum. A cool sitz
bath is recommended within the first 24 hours to reduce edema and promote comfort.
B. The nurse should encourage the client to sit on firm surfaces. The client should avoid
soft pillows and donut pillows because they separate the buttocks and decrease venous
blood flow, resulting in more pain and discomfort to the perineal area.
D. The use of suppositories or enemas is contraindicated for a client who has a third-
degree perineal laceration due to the severity of the laceration.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a newborn about home safety. Which of
the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching? -
ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
"I will place my baby on his back when putting him to sleep."
Newborns should always sleep on the back to prevent sudden infant death syndrome.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
B. The parents should not place the newborn's crib close to a heat source due to
the risk of the crib linen catching on fire.
C. The parents should always place the newborn in an approved car seat while driving
, with the newborn. Infant carriers are not approved safety seats for motor vehicles.
D. The parents should never tie any type of string or cord around the newborn's neck
due to the risk of strangulation.
A nurse is caring for a newborn who is premature at 30 weeks gestation. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
Abundant lanugo
Newborns who are premature have abundant lanugo (fine hair), especially over their
back. A full-term newborn typically has minimal lanugo present only on the shoulders,
pinna, and forehead.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
B. Newborns who are premature demonstrate hypotonia and a relaxed posture. Fullterm
newborns demonstrate moderate flexion of the arms and legs.
C. Newborns who are premature have few heel creases. Full-term newborns have heel
creases that cover most of the bottom of the feet.
D. Newborns who are premature have abundant vernix caseosa, a thick whitish
substance, covering and protecting their skin in utero. Post-mature newborns are likely
to have dry, parchment-like skin.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and received meperidine for pain 1 hr prior
to entering the second stage of labor. Which of the following actions should the nurse
take? - ANSWER Correct
ANSWER:
Assess the newborn for respiratory depression
Meperidine should not be administered to laboring clients who are expected to deliver
within 4 hours of the medication administration.
This medication crosses the placenta and causes respiratory depression in the
newborn, which peaks in 2 to 3 hours after administration. Narcan is ineffective at
reversing the respiratory depression caused by this medication.
Incorrect ANSWERs:
A. Meperidine does not affect the client's reflexes. It reduces the transmission of pain
impulses through stimulation of the mu and kappa opioid receptors.
