Louisiana Horticulture Exam study
guide 2025 Questions and Answers
4 major plant parts include - Correct Answer✔️✔️-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Correct Answer✔️✔️-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Correct Answer✔️✔️-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Correct Answer✔️✔️-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
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,Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-root system that consists of
one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Correct Answer✔️✔️-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the
leaves through inner tissues called
phloem - Correct Answer✔️✔️-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves
through outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
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,Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the
outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Correct Answer✔️✔️-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Correct Answer✔️✔️-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the
leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Some plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Correct Answer✔️✔️-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
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, Stolons - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a
rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Root living through one growing season
October until December - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done
from
Dicot Leaf - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light
absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
guide 2025 Questions and Answers
4 major plant parts include - Correct Answer✔️✔️-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Correct Answer✔️✔️-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Correct Answer✔️✔️-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Correct Answer✔️✔️-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-root system that consists of
one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - Correct
Answer✔️✔️-Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Correct Answer✔️✔️-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the
leaves through inner tissues called
phloem - Correct Answer✔️✔️-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves
through outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Correct Answer✔️✔️-xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-The xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the
outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Correct Answer✔️✔️-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Correct Answer✔️✔️-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the
leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Some plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Correct Answer✔️✔️-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Stolons - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a
rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Correct Answer✔️✔️-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Root living through one growing season
October until December - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done
from
Dicot Leaf - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - Correct Answer✔️✔️-Leaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light
absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Correct Answer✔️✔️-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
