HESI A2: Biology (ChatGPT)Question With
Correct Answers 2025
• Describes the structure of the plasma membrane.
• Made of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.<correct
answers>Fluid mosaic model
• Hydrophilic heads face outward (toward water).
• Hydrophobic tails face inward (away from water).<correct answers>Phospholipid
bilayer
Move substances in and out.<correct answers>Transport proteins
Bind to signaling molecules.<correct answers>Receptor proteins
• Selective Permeability
• Maintains homeostasis<correct answers>Functions of the cell membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell.<correct answers>Selective Permeability
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules.<correct answers>Glycolysis
What two things does glycolysis produce<correct answers>• 2 ATP (net gain).
• 2 NADH (electron carriers).
• Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
• Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA.<correct answers>Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid
Cycle
What three things does the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) produce<correct answers>•
2 ATP per glucose molecule.
• NADH and FADH2 for the Electron Transport Chain.
• Releases CO2.
• Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the chain.
• Creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase.
• Produces 34 ATP molecules and water as a byproduct.<correct answers>Electron
Transport Chain (ETC)
• DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and forms a complementary strand of RNA.<correct
answers>Transcription (Nucleus)
, • mRNA is read in groups of 3 bases (codons).
• Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.
• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to form a protein chain.<correct
answers>Translation (Ribosome)
• Produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
• Used for growth and repair.<correct answers>Mitosis (Somatic Cell Division)
• Produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.
• Meiosis I
• Meiosis II<correct answers>Meiosis (Gamete Formation)
Homologous chromosomes separate.<correct answers>Meiosis I
Sister chromatids separate.<correct answers>Meiosis II
(Mendelian Genetics)
• Focuses on one trait (e.g., height in pea plants).
• Example:
• Tt × Tt (heterozygous parents).
• Genotypic Ratio: 1:2:1 (TT, Tt, tt).
• Phenotypic Ratio: 3:1 (Tall:Short).<correct answers>Monohybrid Cross
(Mendelian Genetics)
• Involves two traits (e.g., seed shape and color).
• Example:
• Parents: RrYy × RrYy.
• Phenotypic Ratio: 9:3:3:1.<correct answers>Dihybrid Cross
(DNA Replication)
• Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.<correct
answers>Semi-Conservative Process
(DNA Replication) what are the key enzymes<correct answers>Helicase, DNA
polymerase, ligase
Unwinds the DNA helix.<correct answers>helicase
Adds nucleotides to form the new strand.<correct answers>DNA polymerase
Seals gaps in the DNA backbone.<correct answers>ligase
(Non-Mendelian Genetics)
• Both alleles are fully expressed.
• Example: AB blood type.<correct answers>Codominance
Correct Answers 2025
• Describes the structure of the plasma membrane.
• Made of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.<correct
answers>Fluid mosaic model
• Hydrophilic heads face outward (toward water).
• Hydrophobic tails face inward (away from water).<correct answers>Phospholipid
bilayer
Move substances in and out.<correct answers>Transport proteins
Bind to signaling molecules.<correct answers>Receptor proteins
• Selective Permeability
• Maintains homeostasis<correct answers>Functions of the cell membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell.<correct answers>Selective Permeability
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules.<correct answers>Glycolysis
What two things does glycolysis produce<correct answers>• 2 ATP (net gain).
• 2 NADH (electron carriers).
• Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
• Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA.<correct answers>Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid
Cycle
What three things does the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) produce<correct answers>•
2 ATP per glucose molecule.
• NADH and FADH2 for the Electron Transport Chain.
• Releases CO2.
• Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the chain.
• Creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase.
• Produces 34 ATP molecules and water as a byproduct.<correct answers>Electron
Transport Chain (ETC)
• DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and forms a complementary strand of RNA.<correct
answers>Transcription (Nucleus)
, • mRNA is read in groups of 3 bases (codons).
• Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.
• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to form a protein chain.<correct
answers>Translation (Ribosome)
• Produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
• Used for growth and repair.<correct answers>Mitosis (Somatic Cell Division)
• Produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.
• Meiosis I
• Meiosis II<correct answers>Meiosis (Gamete Formation)
Homologous chromosomes separate.<correct answers>Meiosis I
Sister chromatids separate.<correct answers>Meiosis II
(Mendelian Genetics)
• Focuses on one trait (e.g., height in pea plants).
• Example:
• Tt × Tt (heterozygous parents).
• Genotypic Ratio: 1:2:1 (TT, Tt, tt).
• Phenotypic Ratio: 3:1 (Tall:Short).<correct answers>Monohybrid Cross
(Mendelian Genetics)
• Involves two traits (e.g., seed shape and color).
• Example:
• Parents: RrYy × RrYy.
• Phenotypic Ratio: 9:3:3:1.<correct answers>Dihybrid Cross
(DNA Replication)
• Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.<correct
answers>Semi-Conservative Process
(DNA Replication) what are the key enzymes<correct answers>Helicase, DNA
polymerase, ligase
Unwinds the DNA helix.<correct answers>helicase
Adds nucleotides to form the new strand.<correct answers>DNA polymerase
Seals gaps in the DNA backbone.<correct answers>ligase
(Non-Mendelian Genetics)
• Both alleles are fully expressed.
• Example: AB blood type.<correct answers>Codominance
