2017:
To what extent was the First Five-Year Plan more successful than the New
Economic Policy in improving Soviet industrial performance?
LOA: to some extent, was the first five-year plan more successful in improving the
soviet industrial performance both faced limitations in different areas.
P1 f5yp
P first five year plan expanded heavy industry massively
E coal doubled to 64 million, steal increased by 1.5x electricity tripled
Mega projects-magnitogorsk, dnieprestori damn
E inflated figures, lack of consumer goods, harsh labour conditions
Lack of railways to transport and ores often were low quality
L did increase production was the start to something much bigger
P2
P NEP was less successful in improving industry
E consumer goods were more widely available
Increase in grain procurement
Although industry did reach pre in 1913 levels-shows stability not increase
E seen as not ideologically fiiting
L was needed for the time to bring stability after war communism
P3 evalutation of both
P f5yp vs nep
E ffyp more in line with communism
Had its own issues but did rapidly advance industry in half the time that nep did
Nep had the scissor crisis-lack in industry
E nep was more effcient command economy was ineffcient and created chaos
L massive growth permises the issues of the ffyp making it more successful
,‘The USSR experienced a social revolution during Stalin’s regime in the 1930s.’
Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks]
LOA: experienced a total social upheaval in the 30s in terms of industry and
becoming like the socialist man and worker
P1 stakhanovite movement
P alexi stankhanov ‘mined’ 105 tonnes of coal in one shift
E made an elite class of worker many worked harder for the extra state benefits-
cars houses inc pay vactions
Many became apart of a new class the nomenklatura of the back of becoming
stakhanovites
Tied in with the socialist man and woman propoganda
E many refused created jealousy and many rejected by peers
L created a new class thus social upheaval
P2 the great retreat
P contradictory advancements for women
E
Given benefits for each child if single
Allowed to work in industry
Divorce became harder and abortion now illegal
Regressed from the time of lenin in terms of freedom but gained work
E womens rights went backwards now being pressured into nuclear families and
staying at home
L thus change constitutes revolution as women had enjoyed almost 20 years of
freedoms
P3
P purges and rise of totalitarian state
Eyezhovchina purge of everyone
, 800kn arrested
2 million killed overall
5.5-9.5 mill in gulags
E created a society of fear-denunciations
L doesnt constitute a sr as had been a feature since okhrana and cheka under
lenin
How far was Stalin’s creation of a Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe after the Second
World War the result of his obsession with ensuring international security for the
USSR?
LOA: yes it was a result of securing international security but it had other benefits
P1
P historical invasions of russia napolean and hitler
E position of moscow and leningrad as on the west of europe
Operation unthinkable-allies had thought of a post war invasion
Getting extra space does help as limited long range weaponary tech immediatley
post ww2 as there is now so still needed the space
E if close countries went to capitalism it could be potential launching pads for
invasion
Would have control over their resources
Needed the buffer zone after barbarosa
L thus this was needed and posed as security
P2
P ideological considerations-old russian empire gaining back old teritory
E spread of communism vs marshall plan and truman doctrine
Export ideology/revolution despite commiting to socialism in one country stalin
still believed he had a duty to spread the revolution
E used the power vacuum to do this as many new soviet countries
dependant/taken over by germany
To what extent was the First Five-Year Plan more successful than the New
Economic Policy in improving Soviet industrial performance?
LOA: to some extent, was the first five-year plan more successful in improving the
soviet industrial performance both faced limitations in different areas.
P1 f5yp
P first five year plan expanded heavy industry massively
E coal doubled to 64 million, steal increased by 1.5x electricity tripled
Mega projects-magnitogorsk, dnieprestori damn
E inflated figures, lack of consumer goods, harsh labour conditions
Lack of railways to transport and ores often were low quality
L did increase production was the start to something much bigger
P2
P NEP was less successful in improving industry
E consumer goods were more widely available
Increase in grain procurement
Although industry did reach pre in 1913 levels-shows stability not increase
E seen as not ideologically fiiting
L was needed for the time to bring stability after war communism
P3 evalutation of both
P f5yp vs nep
E ffyp more in line with communism
Had its own issues but did rapidly advance industry in half the time that nep did
Nep had the scissor crisis-lack in industry
E nep was more effcient command economy was ineffcient and created chaos
L massive growth permises the issues of the ffyp making it more successful
,‘The USSR experienced a social revolution during Stalin’s regime in the 1930s.’
Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks]
LOA: experienced a total social upheaval in the 30s in terms of industry and
becoming like the socialist man and worker
P1 stakhanovite movement
P alexi stankhanov ‘mined’ 105 tonnes of coal in one shift
E made an elite class of worker many worked harder for the extra state benefits-
cars houses inc pay vactions
Many became apart of a new class the nomenklatura of the back of becoming
stakhanovites
Tied in with the socialist man and woman propoganda
E many refused created jealousy and many rejected by peers
L created a new class thus social upheaval
P2 the great retreat
P contradictory advancements for women
E
Given benefits for each child if single
Allowed to work in industry
Divorce became harder and abortion now illegal
Regressed from the time of lenin in terms of freedom but gained work
E womens rights went backwards now being pressured into nuclear families and
staying at home
L thus change constitutes revolution as women had enjoyed almost 20 years of
freedoms
P3
P purges and rise of totalitarian state
Eyezhovchina purge of everyone
, 800kn arrested
2 million killed overall
5.5-9.5 mill in gulags
E created a society of fear-denunciations
L doesnt constitute a sr as had been a feature since okhrana and cheka under
lenin
How far was Stalin’s creation of a Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe after the Second
World War the result of his obsession with ensuring international security for the
USSR?
LOA: yes it was a result of securing international security but it had other benefits
P1
P historical invasions of russia napolean and hitler
E position of moscow and leningrad as on the west of europe
Operation unthinkable-allies had thought of a post war invasion
Getting extra space does help as limited long range weaponary tech immediatley
post ww2 as there is now so still needed the space
E if close countries went to capitalism it could be potential launching pads for
invasion
Would have control over their resources
Needed the buffer zone after barbarosa
L thus this was needed and posed as security
P2
P ideological considerations-old russian empire gaining back old teritory
E spread of communism vs marshall plan and truman doctrine
Export ideology/revolution despite commiting to socialism in one country stalin
still believed he had a duty to spread the revolution
E used the power vacuum to do this as many new soviet countries
dependant/taken over by germany
