UNIT – I Fundamental of Microprocessor
1
, 1.1 Introduction to Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has
computing and decision making capabilities similar to central processing
unit of a computer.
Microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on
a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)
operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it.
A microprocessor is a computer processor that combines the functions
of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most
a few integrated circuits. The microprocessor is thus a multipurpose,
clock driven, register based, digital integrated circuit that takes binary
data as input, processes it as per the instructions stored in its memory
and then produces results as output.
2
, A Microprocessor-based System
The following block diagram represent a microprocessor-
based system:
Input Microprocessor Output
Memory
3
, A Microprocessor-based System
Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a
control unit.
ALU performs arithmetical and logical operations on the
data received from the memory or an input device. Register
array consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E,
H, L and accumulator (register in which intermediate
arithmetic and logic results are stored.). The control unit
controls the flow of data and instructions within the
computer.
4
1
, 1.1 Introduction to Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has
computing and decision making capabilities similar to central processing
unit of a computer.
Microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on
a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)
operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it.
A microprocessor is a computer processor that combines the functions
of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most
a few integrated circuits. The microprocessor is thus a multipurpose,
clock driven, register based, digital integrated circuit that takes binary
data as input, processes it as per the instructions stored in its memory
and then produces results as output.
2
, A Microprocessor-based System
The following block diagram represent a microprocessor-
based system:
Input Microprocessor Output
Memory
3
, A Microprocessor-based System
Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a
control unit.
ALU performs arithmetical and logical operations on the
data received from the memory or an input device. Register
array consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E,
H, L and accumulator (register in which intermediate
arithmetic and logic results are stored.). The control unit
controls the flow of data and instructions within the
computer.
4
