NUSC 3P14 - Mental Health Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
The addiction trajectory - Answers a) No use
b) Use
c) Misuse
d) Abuse
e) Dependency
No use - Answers the individual doesn't use alcohol or other substances and doesn't participate in
addictive behaviors. Just as someone can be predisposed to substance use due to biological (genetic),
psychological, or social factors, one's personal disposition or social environment may dissuade the use of
certain substances or behaviors.
Use - Answers People may begin to experiment with alcohol, other drugs, or behaviours to see what it is
like, to fit in with peers, or perhaps to escape from personal troubles. It is using in a socially and
culturally responsible way.
Misuse - Answers People may experience lapses in memory, get in trouble at home or school because of
impairment, spend more money than intended on gambling or shopping, or do something regrettable
while under the influence of alcohol or another drug.
Abuse - Answers The person uses a substance or engages in a damaging behaviour more frequently,
interfering with major areas of his or her life, such as family, parents, school, legal issues, money,
friends, and leisure. The person may become obsessive about when, how, and where to get the
substance or behaviour of abuse.
Dependency - Answers The person has lost the ability to choose or not to choose. Using substances or
engaging in risky behaviour has become a way of life.
Addiction - Answers The persistent, compulsive, dependence on or use of a substance or behaviour
despite its negative consequences and the increasing frequency of those consequences
Tolerance - Answers A physiological experience that occurs when a person's reaction to a substance
decreases with repeated administrations of the same dose. If the person attempts to stop using the
substance or engaging in the behaviour, he or she may experience symptoms of withdrawal
Withdrawal - Answers Causes physiological changes as the blood and tissue concentrations of a drug
decrease after heavy and prolonged use of a substance.
Synergistic effects - Answers The capacity of 2 or more drugs acting together to create a greater total
effect than the sum of the effects if taken independently
,Precontemplation phase: - Answers The individual is not currently considering change or intending to
take action in the foreseeable future (usually in the next 6 months)
Contemplation phase - Answers The patient is ambivalent about change and likely not considering
change within the next month.
Preparation phase - Answers Occurs when the patient, who may have had some experience with
change, is actively making attempts at behaviour change, even if in a trial or testing process, or has plans
to take action within then next month
Action phase - Answers The patient is actively working toward the desired behavioural change, including
modifying his or her environment, experiences, or behaviour. At this stage, the patient will have made
specific, over modification in lifestyle within the past 6 months, and measures should be taken against
relapse.
Maintenance phase - Answers Focuses on actively working to maintain changes made and prevent
relapse. At this stage, patients are less tempted to relapse and are becoming increasingly confident that
they can continue their changed behaviour.
Relapse - Answers Phase that cycles back to previous changes. It refers to reverting to an earlier stage of
change, toward the old behaviours, after progressing through some of the later stages.
According to Donna Dailey, addiction is the result of 4 etiologies - Answers 1. Childhood development:
environment, people they've grown up with
2. Personality: it's that person's brain who's wired differently which causes them to process things
differently. Their brain processes on a need-to-know-basis. Usually these people are on a high
intellectual level.
3. Pampered children: anything a child can do for themselves that you do for them is a complete
disservices. When you do everything form them and then expect them to think on their own they have
difficulty making choices.
4. Trauma: can occur at any age and developmental stage. Includes any type of abuse.
Substance use disorder - Answers - Classified as substance use disorder in the DSM-5
- Each substance use disorder classified specifically and independent of one another: mild, moderate, or
severe
- 4 categories in the assessment: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological
indicators.
Define impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological indicators. - Answers
Impaired control: You want to stop but you can't, or cravings are so addicting that you can't think about
anything else.
, Social impairment: causing problems at work, family, school.
Risky use: using in spite of danger (i.e. driving a car while intoxicated)
Pharmacological indicators: tolerance or withdrawal to substance.
The more symptoms you have, the more severe the disorder is in the DSM-5
Behavioural disorder - Answers - New category in the DSM-5
- Gambling disorder only one recognized as a behavioural disorder
- Classified with the substance abuse disorders because it's similar in brain changes, comorbidities,
physiology, and treatment
5 Biopsychosocial risk factors for addiction - Answers 1. Genetic vulnerability: they have a family history
of substance use disorder. They are 4x more likely to develop the disorder.
2. Mental illness: especially anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders.
3. Early use of drugs: the younger someone is when they use drugs, the more likely they are to progress
to abuse.
4. Social environment: younger use, growing up in an environment where there are lots of drugs/alcohol
is common.
5. Childhood trauma: neglect, abuse, etc.
What happens in the brain that creates the addiction? - Answers - Taking the substance activates reward
neuropathways in the limbic system; flooding it with dopamine causes pleasure
- Brain wants this repeated
- With repeated use, the brain adapts to repeated surges and person is incapable of feeling pleasure.
- Brain adaptation also affects decision making and judgment (frontal lobes)
What happens in the brain during relapse? - Answers Limbic system pleasure pathways overworks itself
in addictions. Another adaptation is that the stop system is being compromise, even though the body
knows this is not good for it, it can't stop itself. This makes relapse a very easy thing to happen. Relapse
is normal; it's part of the condition. Doesn't mean that the person is a failure. Recovery is a long process.
3 reasons for relapse - Answers 1. Triggers in the person's environment (being in the same environment
they used drugs in)
2. Stress (money for job, paying for house, children)
The addiction trajectory - Answers a) No use
b) Use
c) Misuse
d) Abuse
e) Dependency
No use - Answers the individual doesn't use alcohol or other substances and doesn't participate in
addictive behaviors. Just as someone can be predisposed to substance use due to biological (genetic),
psychological, or social factors, one's personal disposition or social environment may dissuade the use of
certain substances or behaviors.
Use - Answers People may begin to experiment with alcohol, other drugs, or behaviours to see what it is
like, to fit in with peers, or perhaps to escape from personal troubles. It is using in a socially and
culturally responsible way.
Misuse - Answers People may experience lapses in memory, get in trouble at home or school because of
impairment, spend more money than intended on gambling or shopping, or do something regrettable
while under the influence of alcohol or another drug.
Abuse - Answers The person uses a substance or engages in a damaging behaviour more frequently,
interfering with major areas of his or her life, such as family, parents, school, legal issues, money,
friends, and leisure. The person may become obsessive about when, how, and where to get the
substance or behaviour of abuse.
Dependency - Answers The person has lost the ability to choose or not to choose. Using substances or
engaging in risky behaviour has become a way of life.
Addiction - Answers The persistent, compulsive, dependence on or use of a substance or behaviour
despite its negative consequences and the increasing frequency of those consequences
Tolerance - Answers A physiological experience that occurs when a person's reaction to a substance
decreases with repeated administrations of the same dose. If the person attempts to stop using the
substance or engaging in the behaviour, he or she may experience symptoms of withdrawal
Withdrawal - Answers Causes physiological changes as the blood and tissue concentrations of a drug
decrease after heavy and prolonged use of a substance.
Synergistic effects - Answers The capacity of 2 or more drugs acting together to create a greater total
effect than the sum of the effects if taken independently
,Precontemplation phase: - Answers The individual is not currently considering change or intending to
take action in the foreseeable future (usually in the next 6 months)
Contemplation phase - Answers The patient is ambivalent about change and likely not considering
change within the next month.
Preparation phase - Answers Occurs when the patient, who may have had some experience with
change, is actively making attempts at behaviour change, even if in a trial or testing process, or has plans
to take action within then next month
Action phase - Answers The patient is actively working toward the desired behavioural change, including
modifying his or her environment, experiences, or behaviour. At this stage, the patient will have made
specific, over modification in lifestyle within the past 6 months, and measures should be taken against
relapse.
Maintenance phase - Answers Focuses on actively working to maintain changes made and prevent
relapse. At this stage, patients are less tempted to relapse and are becoming increasingly confident that
they can continue their changed behaviour.
Relapse - Answers Phase that cycles back to previous changes. It refers to reverting to an earlier stage of
change, toward the old behaviours, after progressing through some of the later stages.
According to Donna Dailey, addiction is the result of 4 etiologies - Answers 1. Childhood development:
environment, people they've grown up with
2. Personality: it's that person's brain who's wired differently which causes them to process things
differently. Their brain processes on a need-to-know-basis. Usually these people are on a high
intellectual level.
3. Pampered children: anything a child can do for themselves that you do for them is a complete
disservices. When you do everything form them and then expect them to think on their own they have
difficulty making choices.
4. Trauma: can occur at any age and developmental stage. Includes any type of abuse.
Substance use disorder - Answers - Classified as substance use disorder in the DSM-5
- Each substance use disorder classified specifically and independent of one another: mild, moderate, or
severe
- 4 categories in the assessment: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological
indicators.
Define impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological indicators. - Answers
Impaired control: You want to stop but you can't, or cravings are so addicting that you can't think about
anything else.
, Social impairment: causing problems at work, family, school.
Risky use: using in spite of danger (i.e. driving a car while intoxicated)
Pharmacological indicators: tolerance or withdrawal to substance.
The more symptoms you have, the more severe the disorder is in the DSM-5
Behavioural disorder - Answers - New category in the DSM-5
- Gambling disorder only one recognized as a behavioural disorder
- Classified with the substance abuse disorders because it's similar in brain changes, comorbidities,
physiology, and treatment
5 Biopsychosocial risk factors for addiction - Answers 1. Genetic vulnerability: they have a family history
of substance use disorder. They are 4x more likely to develop the disorder.
2. Mental illness: especially anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders.
3. Early use of drugs: the younger someone is when they use drugs, the more likely they are to progress
to abuse.
4. Social environment: younger use, growing up in an environment where there are lots of drugs/alcohol
is common.
5. Childhood trauma: neglect, abuse, etc.
What happens in the brain that creates the addiction? - Answers - Taking the substance activates reward
neuropathways in the limbic system; flooding it with dopamine causes pleasure
- Brain wants this repeated
- With repeated use, the brain adapts to repeated surges and person is incapable of feeling pleasure.
- Brain adaptation also affects decision making and judgment (frontal lobes)
What happens in the brain during relapse? - Answers Limbic system pleasure pathways overworks itself
in addictions. Another adaptation is that the stop system is being compromise, even though the body
knows this is not good for it, it can't stop itself. This makes relapse a very easy thing to happen. Relapse
is normal; it's part of the condition. Doesn't mean that the person is a failure. Recovery is a long process.
3 reasons for relapse - Answers 1. Triggers in the person's environment (being in the same environment
they used drugs in)
2. Stress (money for job, paying for house, children)
