2
1 (a) Explain three characteristics of traditional education.
1. It is mostly practical as it involves learning traditional jobs such as thatching, hunting,
wood carving, basket weaving, crop production.
2. Knowledge is passed orally e.g. Children are taught how to greet elders and how to do
household chores.
3. It is gender based e.g. There are separate initiation schools for boys and girls - (bogwera)
for boys and (bojale) for girls.
4. It has no age limit e.g. Learning takes place from birth until death.
5. It involves informal teachers as those who impart knowledge and skills are not certificated,
they use experience they have accumulated over the years
6. Takes place everywhere: there are no specialised buildings where learning specifically
takes
7. uses local language: the media of communication is any local language which understood
by people
(1 mark for a point and 1 mark for its expansion – max 6 marks)
(b) Discuss how education can promote healthy living.
1. allows people to make informed choices on issues of nutrition or a healthy diet which can
help in preventing some diseases such as hypertension, diabetes or people can learn
how to treat early symptoms of diseases.
2. It is an instrument of positive behavioural change because it provides people with
behavioural ethics such as being aware of the dangers of having multiple concurrent
partners and as a result helps to curb the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
3. People can learn the importance of physical and mental fitness which reduces chances of
being affected by diseases associated with being overweight therefore reducing mortality
rate/ prolong life
4. Equips people with first aid skills – In cases of emergency people know what to do before
the doctor arrives and this helps to save lives.
(1 mark for a point, 1 mark for its expansion, 1 mark for conclusion
– max 6 marks)
(c) Assess the effort of Non-Governmental Organisations in the development of human
resource in Botswana.
1. Equips people with life skills e.g. Young Women Christian Association (YWCA) help in
the development of manpower by offering courses which give skills in dress making,
cooking, typing and this gives people an opportunity to open their own businesses or
create self employment. However there is inadequate provision of practical skills because
there are only few NGOs providing courses on life skills and YWCA alone cannot absorb
all students/ may not be able to reach rural areas
2. Give financial support/sponsorship e.g. Emang Basadi finances and facilitates
educational workshops and seminars aimed at empowering and educating women.
However Emang Basadi does not create equal empowerment opportunities as their
empowerment is mostly targeting women and this may disadvantage men in the long run.
3. Provides training facilities where courses and seminars can be carried out aimed at
improving performance in the work place for both private and government employees.
, 3
However most NGOs do not reach rural areas and this delays improvement of workers in
rural areas.
4. NGOs like churches inculcate positive ethical behaviour essential for daily living e.g.
churches provide lessons on how to live a positive life and become a successful person
who is responsible to the society. However some spend too much at church and thus
compromising productivity at work
5. NGOs offer employment to Batswana and as such employees acquire on-job experience,
skills and competences which helps improve productivity. However some skills are not
relevant to the job market.
(1 mark for a point 2 marks for expansion, 1 mark for conclusion
(positive or negative) – max 8 marks)
2 (a) Outline any six of the ten stages that a bill goes through before it becomes a law
in Botswana.
1. Approved recommendations are written in government white paper
2’. The ministry concerned writes a memorandum
3. The memorandum is taken to Attorney General Chambers where bills are drafted
4. The drafted bill is published in the Government Gazette for 30 days
5. 1st reading in the parliament – no discussion of bill at this stage
6. 2nd reading in the parliament – MPs debate principles of a bill
7. Committee stage – where MPs examine the bill in detail, clause by clause
8. 3rd reading in the parliament – where Minister responsible moves that the bill be passed
and MPs vote for or against passing of the bill
9. If voted for, the bill becomes an Act of Parliament awaiting the president to sign
10. If the president signs it becomes the law / an Act
11. If the president refuses to sign the bill, it is returned to parliament to undergo the stages
again
(1 mark for a point – max 6 marks)
(b) Explain three reasons why the National Anthem is important in nation building in
Botswana.
1. Instils a sense of identity/belonging/pride e.g. It identifies Batswana who positively
contribute to the development of Botswana by representing the country during national and
international events such as Olympics, World cup sports.
2. Promotes cooperation to preserve national heritage e.g. The song acknowledges that the
land of Botswana was inherited from their forefathers as a gift from God so the citizens
must work together towards the country’s development.
3. Advertises the country to the international community e.g. Messages such as Botswana
being known as a peaceful country and that there is social harmony “Ka kutlwano le
kagisano, e bopagantswe mmogo” are contained in the anthem.
4. Conveys important message about the nation e.g. It communicates the history of the
country, its goals, ownership of the country and reminds the nation of the important values
such as peace.
5. It encourages Batswana to keep peace in the country and remain united to pave way for a
conducive environment for developments to take place.
1 (a) Explain three characteristics of traditional education.
1. It is mostly practical as it involves learning traditional jobs such as thatching, hunting,
wood carving, basket weaving, crop production.
2. Knowledge is passed orally e.g. Children are taught how to greet elders and how to do
household chores.
3. It is gender based e.g. There are separate initiation schools for boys and girls - (bogwera)
for boys and (bojale) for girls.
4. It has no age limit e.g. Learning takes place from birth until death.
5. It involves informal teachers as those who impart knowledge and skills are not certificated,
they use experience they have accumulated over the years
6. Takes place everywhere: there are no specialised buildings where learning specifically
takes
7. uses local language: the media of communication is any local language which understood
by people
(1 mark for a point and 1 mark for its expansion – max 6 marks)
(b) Discuss how education can promote healthy living.
1. allows people to make informed choices on issues of nutrition or a healthy diet which can
help in preventing some diseases such as hypertension, diabetes or people can learn
how to treat early symptoms of diseases.
2. It is an instrument of positive behavioural change because it provides people with
behavioural ethics such as being aware of the dangers of having multiple concurrent
partners and as a result helps to curb the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
3. People can learn the importance of physical and mental fitness which reduces chances of
being affected by diseases associated with being overweight therefore reducing mortality
rate/ prolong life
4. Equips people with first aid skills – In cases of emergency people know what to do before
the doctor arrives and this helps to save lives.
(1 mark for a point, 1 mark for its expansion, 1 mark for conclusion
– max 6 marks)
(c) Assess the effort of Non-Governmental Organisations in the development of human
resource in Botswana.
1. Equips people with life skills e.g. Young Women Christian Association (YWCA) help in
the development of manpower by offering courses which give skills in dress making,
cooking, typing and this gives people an opportunity to open their own businesses or
create self employment. However there is inadequate provision of practical skills because
there are only few NGOs providing courses on life skills and YWCA alone cannot absorb
all students/ may not be able to reach rural areas
2. Give financial support/sponsorship e.g. Emang Basadi finances and facilitates
educational workshops and seminars aimed at empowering and educating women.
However Emang Basadi does not create equal empowerment opportunities as their
empowerment is mostly targeting women and this may disadvantage men in the long run.
3. Provides training facilities where courses and seminars can be carried out aimed at
improving performance in the work place for both private and government employees.
, 3
However most NGOs do not reach rural areas and this delays improvement of workers in
rural areas.
4. NGOs like churches inculcate positive ethical behaviour essential for daily living e.g.
churches provide lessons on how to live a positive life and become a successful person
who is responsible to the society. However some spend too much at church and thus
compromising productivity at work
5. NGOs offer employment to Batswana and as such employees acquire on-job experience,
skills and competences which helps improve productivity. However some skills are not
relevant to the job market.
(1 mark for a point 2 marks for expansion, 1 mark for conclusion
(positive or negative) – max 8 marks)
2 (a) Outline any six of the ten stages that a bill goes through before it becomes a law
in Botswana.
1. Approved recommendations are written in government white paper
2’. The ministry concerned writes a memorandum
3. The memorandum is taken to Attorney General Chambers where bills are drafted
4. The drafted bill is published in the Government Gazette for 30 days
5. 1st reading in the parliament – no discussion of bill at this stage
6. 2nd reading in the parliament – MPs debate principles of a bill
7. Committee stage – where MPs examine the bill in detail, clause by clause
8. 3rd reading in the parliament – where Minister responsible moves that the bill be passed
and MPs vote for or against passing of the bill
9. If voted for, the bill becomes an Act of Parliament awaiting the president to sign
10. If the president signs it becomes the law / an Act
11. If the president refuses to sign the bill, it is returned to parliament to undergo the stages
again
(1 mark for a point – max 6 marks)
(b) Explain three reasons why the National Anthem is important in nation building in
Botswana.
1. Instils a sense of identity/belonging/pride e.g. It identifies Batswana who positively
contribute to the development of Botswana by representing the country during national and
international events such as Olympics, World cup sports.
2. Promotes cooperation to preserve national heritage e.g. The song acknowledges that the
land of Botswana was inherited from their forefathers as a gift from God so the citizens
must work together towards the country’s development.
3. Advertises the country to the international community e.g. Messages such as Botswana
being known as a peaceful country and that there is social harmony “Ka kutlwano le
kagisano, e bopagantswe mmogo” are contained in the anthem.
4. Conveys important message about the nation e.g. It communicates the history of the
country, its goals, ownership of the country and reminds the nation of the important values
such as peace.
5. It encourages Batswana to keep peace in the country and remain united to pave way for a
conducive environment for developments to take place.
