BIO 322 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Incomplete penetrance - ANSWERPenetrant organisms have the genotype and
express the phenotype. Non penetrant organisms have the genotype but don't
express the phenotype.
(penetrant)/(total penetrant+ non penetrant)
No gene interaction - ANSWER9:3:3:1
9/16 A_B_
3/16 A_bb
3/16 aaB_
1/16 aabb
Complementary gene interaction - ANSWER9:7
9/16 A_B_
7/16 A_bb or aaB_ or aabb
Dominate suppression - ANSWER13:3
9/16 A_B_
3/16 A_bb
4/16 aaB_ or aabb
What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation? - ANSWERwrong sequence of
amino acids
What is the consequence of a promoter mutation? - ANSWERchanges timing or
amount of transcription
What is the consequence of a polyadenilation mutation? - ANSWERalters sequence
of mRNA
What is the consequence of a splice site mutation? - ANSWERimproperly retains an
intron or excludes an exon
What is the consequence of a DNA replication (replication slippage) mutation? -
ANSWERincreases the number of short repeats of DNA
Prototroph - ANSWERcan grow on any media
Auxotroph - ANSWERmutant that requires a growth factor
What do supplements before permit?after? - ANSWERbefore permits any growth
, after blocks growth
Complementation - ANSWERmutants in different genes result in wild type
No complementation - ANSWERmutants in same gene result in mutant progeny
Independent assortment - ANSWERNo linkage
parents= 50%
recombinants= 50%
Complete linkage - ANSWERno crossing over
parent= 100%
Cis incomplete linkage - ANSWERparent= 80%
recombinant= 20%
wild type and mutant separated
trans incomplete linkage - ANSWERparent= 60%
recombinant= 20%
wildtype and recessive mixed
How to calculate frequency - ANSWER[(sum of recombinants)/total] *100
3 point map distance - ANSWER(sum of single and double crosses)*100/total
2 point map distance - ANSWER(sum of single crosses)*100/total
Interference - ANSWER1 - coefficient of coincidence
Coefficient of coincidence - ANSWER(observed DOCs)/(expected DOCs)
expected DOCs:
(region 1)(region 2)=frequency
(frequency)(total)= expected #
Lod score > 3 - ANSWERgenetic linakge
Lod score < -2 - ANSWERno linkage
-2<lod score<3 - ANSWERinconclusive
Where do you find the Zmax - ANSWERpeak of graph, highest number
Purines - ANSWERAdenine and Guanine
2 ring base
Pyrimidines - ANSWERCytosine and Thymine
1 ring base
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Incomplete penetrance - ANSWERPenetrant organisms have the genotype and
express the phenotype. Non penetrant organisms have the genotype but don't
express the phenotype.
(penetrant)/(total penetrant+ non penetrant)
No gene interaction - ANSWER9:3:3:1
9/16 A_B_
3/16 A_bb
3/16 aaB_
1/16 aabb
Complementary gene interaction - ANSWER9:7
9/16 A_B_
7/16 A_bb or aaB_ or aabb
Dominate suppression - ANSWER13:3
9/16 A_B_
3/16 A_bb
4/16 aaB_ or aabb
What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation? - ANSWERwrong sequence of
amino acids
What is the consequence of a promoter mutation? - ANSWERchanges timing or
amount of transcription
What is the consequence of a polyadenilation mutation? - ANSWERalters sequence
of mRNA
What is the consequence of a splice site mutation? - ANSWERimproperly retains an
intron or excludes an exon
What is the consequence of a DNA replication (replication slippage) mutation? -
ANSWERincreases the number of short repeats of DNA
Prototroph - ANSWERcan grow on any media
Auxotroph - ANSWERmutant that requires a growth factor
What do supplements before permit?after? - ANSWERbefore permits any growth
, after blocks growth
Complementation - ANSWERmutants in different genes result in wild type
No complementation - ANSWERmutants in same gene result in mutant progeny
Independent assortment - ANSWERNo linkage
parents= 50%
recombinants= 50%
Complete linkage - ANSWERno crossing over
parent= 100%
Cis incomplete linkage - ANSWERparent= 80%
recombinant= 20%
wild type and mutant separated
trans incomplete linkage - ANSWERparent= 60%
recombinant= 20%
wildtype and recessive mixed
How to calculate frequency - ANSWER[(sum of recombinants)/total] *100
3 point map distance - ANSWER(sum of single and double crosses)*100/total
2 point map distance - ANSWER(sum of single crosses)*100/total
Interference - ANSWER1 - coefficient of coincidence
Coefficient of coincidence - ANSWER(observed DOCs)/(expected DOCs)
expected DOCs:
(region 1)(region 2)=frequency
(frequency)(total)= expected #
Lod score > 3 - ANSWERgenetic linakge
Lod score < -2 - ANSWERno linkage
-2<lod score<3 - ANSWERinconclusive
Where do you find the Zmax - ANSWERpeak of graph, highest number
Purines - ANSWERAdenine and Guanine
2 ring base
Pyrimidines - ANSWERCytosine and Thymine
1 ring base
