BIO100 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
what is cell theory? - ANSWER1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - ANSWERmaintains the cell as a distinct entity
cytoplasm - ANSWERconsists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - ANSWERtiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
what are helper t cells? - ANSWER-activated by binding antigen on an antigen-
presentint cell
-undergo cell division
what are effector cells? - ANSWERregulate immune response
-secrete antibody
what is mitosis? - ANSWER-cell division that generates two nuclei with identical
genetic information
what is mitosis good for? - ANSWERgrowth, replacement, asexual reproduction
what is a genome? - ANSWERa complete set of chromosomes
what is a diploid cell? - ANSWERa cell having two copies of the genome
what is a haploid cell? - ANSWERa cell having only one copy of the genome...like
sperm or egg
what happens during interphase in mitosis? - ANSWER-cells spend most of their
time in interphase
1. non-dividing cell, cell growth and activity
2. chromosomes replicate (duplicate)
3. cells prepare to divide
what is pleiotropy? - ANSWER-when one gene affects more than one trait
-an example is Marfan syndrome, which is a mutation that effects skeleton, heart,
lungs, eyes, and skin
what is epistasis? - ANSWER-when one gene overrides the effect of a separate
gene
-like the coats of labradors
, what is polygenic inheritance? - ANSWER-a trait influenced by multiple genes
-examples are height, eye color
what is an example of environmental effects effecting the expression of genes? -
ANSWERcoat color of Himalayan rabbits
-Melanin production depends on temperature, enzyme is inactivated by heat
what do B cells do? - ANSWERproduce antibodies, phagocytic
-activated by binding to specific antigen
-signal from effector helper T cell causes cell division
what are natural killer cells? - ANSWER-cells that destroy infected body cells
-destroy cells that lack normal markers
DNA - ANSWERhereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - ANSWERstores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER1. separates internal and external
environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER1. phospholipid bilyaer
with hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - ANSWERcomposed of
RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of
prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? -
ANSWER1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - ANSWER1. they
are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important
molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
what is cell theory? - ANSWER1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - ANSWERmaintains the cell as a distinct entity
cytoplasm - ANSWERconsists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - ANSWERtiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
what are helper t cells? - ANSWER-activated by binding antigen on an antigen-
presentint cell
-undergo cell division
what are effector cells? - ANSWERregulate immune response
-secrete antibody
what is mitosis? - ANSWER-cell division that generates two nuclei with identical
genetic information
what is mitosis good for? - ANSWERgrowth, replacement, asexual reproduction
what is a genome? - ANSWERa complete set of chromosomes
what is a diploid cell? - ANSWERa cell having two copies of the genome
what is a haploid cell? - ANSWERa cell having only one copy of the genome...like
sperm or egg
what happens during interphase in mitosis? - ANSWER-cells spend most of their
time in interphase
1. non-dividing cell, cell growth and activity
2. chromosomes replicate (duplicate)
3. cells prepare to divide
what is pleiotropy? - ANSWER-when one gene affects more than one trait
-an example is Marfan syndrome, which is a mutation that effects skeleton, heart,
lungs, eyes, and skin
what is epistasis? - ANSWER-when one gene overrides the effect of a separate
gene
-like the coats of labradors
, what is polygenic inheritance? - ANSWER-a trait influenced by multiple genes
-examples are height, eye color
what is an example of environmental effects effecting the expression of genes? -
ANSWERcoat color of Himalayan rabbits
-Melanin production depends on temperature, enzyme is inactivated by heat
what do B cells do? - ANSWERproduce antibodies, phagocytic
-activated by binding to specific antigen
-signal from effector helper T cell causes cell division
what are natural killer cells? - ANSWER-cells that destroy infected body cells
-destroy cells that lack normal markers
DNA - ANSWERhereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - ANSWERstores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER1. separates internal and external
environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER1. phospholipid bilyaer
with hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - ANSWERcomposed of
RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of
prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? -
ANSWER1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - ANSWER1. they
are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important
molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
