Psych 225 Exam 1Questions And Answers Rated A+ Verified Correct Answers.

Dimitri is interested in understanding the effects of sleep deprivation on short-term memory. Which of the following is an empirical approach Dimitri could take to answer this question? A. He could ask his psychology teacher for his opinion on the effects of sleep deprivation on short-term memory. B. He could design and execute a study that measures short-term memory function following different amounts of sleep. C. He could watch several movies about sleep deprivation and make a strong, logical argument about the effects of sleep deprivation on short-term memory, based on the films D. He could consider his own experiences with sleep and memory - correct answer B. He could design and execute a study that measures short-term memory function following different amounts of sleep. Seligman (1975, 1991) proposed that animals that cannot escape an aversive outcome don't even try to avoid the aversive experience later, when they can escape it, because they don't perceive themselves as having control ("learned helplessness"). Latecia thinks this concept may apply to people's working conditions. She conducts a study and has 20 research participants work in an office space with some dilapidated supplies (e.g., barely functional pens, crumpled papers). The participants are split into two rooms. In one work room, Latecia offers to replace any of the run-down supplies with newer items. In another work room, Latecia tells the participants that they have to work with what they have. After a few days of working with this setup, both groups' work spaces now include the old supplies as well as new supplies. Latecia predicts that the participants who had to work with the dilapidated supplies for the first fe - correct answer C. Hypothesis Carolyn sometimes taps on the basketball before shooting a free throw. She has noticed the times when she taps and makes the free throw more than she notices the times she makes the free throw without tapping the ball. Carolyn is experiencing which of the following? A. the bias blind spot B. the present/present bias C. confound bias D. cherry-picking - correct answer B. the present/present bias Research suggests that the time a student spends studying for an exam is positively related to the student's grade on the exam. However, last week, you took an exam without studying and got an A on the exam. What should you conclude about the relationship between study time and exam scores? A. You should ignore the research and base your conclusions on your own experience. B. You should conclude that the research findings were probably wrong. C. Although your experience with one exam is an exception, the research findings explain a certain proportion of the many possible cases. D. Because your experience was different than the research, you should conclude that there is no relationship between study time and exam scores. - correct answer C. Although your experience with one exam is an exception, the research findings explain a certain proportion of the many possible cases. Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on personal experience? A. experience is counfounded B. experience has no comparison group C. Research involves systematically and objectively comparing conditions. D. Research definitively proves theories. - correct answer D. Research definitively proves theories. Daniel's teacher tells him that his theory about dating is not strong because it is not falsifiable. What does she mean by this? A. Daniel's theory is too complicated. B. Daniel's theory has already been put forth by another psychologist. C. Daniel's theory has already been tested, and the evidence did not support the theory D. Daniel's theory cannot be disproven - correct answer D. Daniel's theory cannot be disproven Hilda is studying the effects of a major natural disaster on people living nearby. She finds that many of the victims are depressed and show stress-related symptoms. Why can't Hilda conclude that the natural disaster caused depression and stress-related symptoms? A. she doesn't have a comparison group B. she doesn't have a theory C. she hasn't done enough background research D. she is relying in intuition - correct answer A. she doesn't have a comparison group It has been reported that half of Americans show road rage. For this claim to have strong external validity, which of the following would have been the best sample for the researcher to have used? A. students from Intro to Psych courses who are earning extra credit B. a cross-section of American drivers representing men and women; people from the city, suburbs, and farms; and people of all ages C. young men from ages 20 to 30 years; because they are the group most frequently charged with road rage, they should be the focus D. a random sample of people from a Los Angeles telephone book - correct answer B. a cross-section of American drivers representing men and women; people from the city, suburbs, and farms; and people of all ages Phuong is conducting an experiment on proofreading. All participants are asked to read a passage with several typos and correct the errors. However, one group proofreads by reading silently, a second group proofreads by reading aloud, and a third group proofreads by reading the passage silently backward. The researcher calculates the average number of errors found in each group and finds that both the reading silently and reading aloud groups found more errors than the reading silently backward group. What are the variables in this study? A. type of proofreading and number errors found B. reading silently, reading aloud or reading silently backward C. the reading skill of the participant D. reading forward and reading backward - correct answer A. type of proofreading and number errors found Professor Lee is curious if there is any pattern to who earns extra credit in her course. She examines this question by graphing a scatterplot of her students' exam grades and the number of extra credit points earned. She finds that the students with the lowest exam grades tend to have the most extra credit points. What type of association is this? A. zero B. negative C. positive D. causal - correct answer B. negative Professor Nakum designs a memory experiment to test the effect of word familiarity on memory. Three lists of words are created: common words, uncommon words, and made-up words. Participants study one of the lists of 30 words for 5 minutes, do math problems for 5 minutes, then write all the words they recall from the list. Their score is the number of words correctly recalled. Which of the following is the independent variable in this study? A. the type of word list B. the time spent studying the list C. the length of the list studied D. the number of words correctly recalled - correct answer A. the type of word list Professor Nakum designs a memory experiment to test the effect of word familiarity on memory. Three lists of words are created: common words, uncommon words, and made-up words. Participants study one of the lists of 30 words for 5 minutes, do math problems for 5 minutes, then write all the words they recall from the list. Their score is the number of words correctly recalled. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study? A. the type of word list B. the time spent studying the list C. the length of the list studied D. the number of words correctly recalled - correct answer D. the number of words correctly recalled Professor Nakum designs a memory experiment to test the effect of word familiarity on memory. Three lists of words are created: common words, uncommon words, and made-up words. Participants study one of the lists of 30 words for 5 minutes, do math problems for 5 minutes, then write all the words they recall from the list. Their score is the number of words correctly recalled. How were the words for each list selected?