RADR 2331, Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
What are the three primary functions of the gallbladder? - Answers 1. to *store* bile
2. to *concentrate* bile
3. to *contract when stimulated*
What is another name for the pancreatic duct? - Answers duct of Wirsung
What is another name for the Hepatopancreatic sphincter? - Answers Sphincter of Oddi
Where are the cystic duct & pancreatic duct located? - Answers
Where are the hepatopancreatic sphincter & hepatopancreatic ampulla located? - Answers
Chole- refers to what? - Answers Bile
An exam of the biliary ducts is referred to as what? - Answers Cholangiography
The term Deglutition refers to what? - Answers The act of swallowing
Where is the esophagus in relation to the larynx? - Answers Posterior ro larynx
What are the two indentations present on the esophagus caused by? - Answers One occurs at the
*aortic arch*, and the second is found where the esophagus crosses the *left primary bronchus*.
How is food propelled down the esophagus? - Answers Peristalsis & gravity
The opening between the esophagus and the stomach is termed what (two names)? - Answers
Esophagogastric junction
(cardiac orifice)
Where are the esophagus and trachea located? - Answers
What is the dilated distal portion of the esophagus called? - Answers Cardiac antrum
The later border of the stomach is called what? - Answers Greater curvature
Long mucosal folds are referred to as what? - Answers Rugae
In the prone position, where is the barium located? - Answers Body/pylorus
Which parts of the stomach are most posterior, anterior, inferior, etc? - Answers Fundus is most
posterior
Body is anterior/inferior to fundus
,Pylorus is posterior/distal to body
What portion of the stomach does the duodenum attach to? - Answers Pylorus
What does the "Romance of the abdomen" refer to? - Answers C-loop of duodenum & head of pancreas
The duodenojujenual flexure is held in place by a fibrous muscular band, called what? - Answers
*ligament of Treitz*
(suspensory muscle of the duodenum)
Where are the cardiac antrum, angular notch, and cardiac located? - Answers
Which body habitus would exhibit a high and transverse stomach position? - Answers Hypersthenic
In a *hypersthenic* patient, what is the level of the stomach?
Duodenal bulb? - Answers *Stomach T9 to T12*
(center about 2.5 cm distal to xiphoid process)
*Duodenal bulb T11 or T12*, to the right of the midline
(Transverse colon is quite high and almost transverse)
-Large intestine is widely distributed
If a patient has a perforated bowel, what type of contrast should be used? - Answers Water-soluble
What is a contraindication of administering water-soluble contrast media? - Answers Sensitivity to
iodine
A lead apron used in fluoro must have at least what thickness? - Answers .5 mm Pb eq
Characterized by *dilation of the veins* in the distal esophagus; what condition is *often seen with
acute liver disease*, such as cirrhosis *secondary to increased portal hypertension*? - Answers
Esophageal Varices
This pathologic condition is also known as cardiospasm and is a motor disorder of the esophagus.
, A. Barrett's esophagus
B. Dysphagia
C. Esophageal varices
D. Achalasia - Answers D. Achalasia
Undigested *material* that becomes trapped in the stomach is referred to as what? - Answers Bezoar
Inflamed stomach is referred to as what? - Answers Gastritis
What is an example of GERD? - Answers Esophageal reflux
What is a major risk of administering water-soluble contrast to a geriatric patient? - Answers
Dehydration
What is the patient preparation for an Esophagogram? - Answers No prep required unless a UGI is also
being performed
Esophagograms are performed with the patient in what position? - Answers Erect
What are four general methods used to diagnose Esophageal Reflux? - Answers 1. Breathing exercises
(two types)
(a) Valsalva maneuver (b) Mueller maneuver
2. The water test
3. Compression paddle technique
4. The toe-touch test
For which maneuver to determine reflux, is the patient instructed to take deep breath & bear down
which forces air against the closed glottis? - Answers Valsalva maneuver
Valsalva maneuver is for what? - Answers Esophageal reflux
True or False
The reverse Trendelenburg position is useful in demonstrating esophageal reflux? - Answers False
What is the patient preparation required for an UGI series? - Answers *NPO 8 hours* prior to study
No gum chewing
What are the three primary functions of the gallbladder? - Answers 1. to *store* bile
2. to *concentrate* bile
3. to *contract when stimulated*
What is another name for the pancreatic duct? - Answers duct of Wirsung
What is another name for the Hepatopancreatic sphincter? - Answers Sphincter of Oddi
Where are the cystic duct & pancreatic duct located? - Answers
Where are the hepatopancreatic sphincter & hepatopancreatic ampulla located? - Answers
Chole- refers to what? - Answers Bile
An exam of the biliary ducts is referred to as what? - Answers Cholangiography
The term Deglutition refers to what? - Answers The act of swallowing
Where is the esophagus in relation to the larynx? - Answers Posterior ro larynx
What are the two indentations present on the esophagus caused by? - Answers One occurs at the
*aortic arch*, and the second is found where the esophagus crosses the *left primary bronchus*.
How is food propelled down the esophagus? - Answers Peristalsis & gravity
The opening between the esophagus and the stomach is termed what (two names)? - Answers
Esophagogastric junction
(cardiac orifice)
Where are the esophagus and trachea located? - Answers
What is the dilated distal portion of the esophagus called? - Answers Cardiac antrum
The later border of the stomach is called what? - Answers Greater curvature
Long mucosal folds are referred to as what? - Answers Rugae
In the prone position, where is the barium located? - Answers Body/pylorus
Which parts of the stomach are most posterior, anterior, inferior, etc? - Answers Fundus is most
posterior
Body is anterior/inferior to fundus
,Pylorus is posterior/distal to body
What portion of the stomach does the duodenum attach to? - Answers Pylorus
What does the "Romance of the abdomen" refer to? - Answers C-loop of duodenum & head of pancreas
The duodenojujenual flexure is held in place by a fibrous muscular band, called what? - Answers
*ligament of Treitz*
(suspensory muscle of the duodenum)
Where are the cardiac antrum, angular notch, and cardiac located? - Answers
Which body habitus would exhibit a high and transverse stomach position? - Answers Hypersthenic
In a *hypersthenic* patient, what is the level of the stomach?
Duodenal bulb? - Answers *Stomach T9 to T12*
(center about 2.5 cm distal to xiphoid process)
*Duodenal bulb T11 or T12*, to the right of the midline
(Transverse colon is quite high and almost transverse)
-Large intestine is widely distributed
If a patient has a perforated bowel, what type of contrast should be used? - Answers Water-soluble
What is a contraindication of administering water-soluble contrast media? - Answers Sensitivity to
iodine
A lead apron used in fluoro must have at least what thickness? - Answers .5 mm Pb eq
Characterized by *dilation of the veins* in the distal esophagus; what condition is *often seen with
acute liver disease*, such as cirrhosis *secondary to increased portal hypertension*? - Answers
Esophageal Varices
This pathologic condition is also known as cardiospasm and is a motor disorder of the esophagus.
, A. Barrett's esophagus
B. Dysphagia
C. Esophageal varices
D. Achalasia - Answers D. Achalasia
Undigested *material* that becomes trapped in the stomach is referred to as what? - Answers Bezoar
Inflamed stomach is referred to as what? - Answers Gastritis
What is an example of GERD? - Answers Esophageal reflux
What is a major risk of administering water-soluble contrast to a geriatric patient? - Answers
Dehydration
What is the patient preparation for an Esophagogram? - Answers No prep required unless a UGI is also
being performed
Esophagograms are performed with the patient in what position? - Answers Erect
What are four general methods used to diagnose Esophageal Reflux? - Answers 1. Breathing exercises
(two types)
(a) Valsalva maneuver (b) Mueller maneuver
2. The water test
3. Compression paddle technique
4. The toe-touch test
For which maneuver to determine reflux, is the patient instructed to take deep breath & bear down
which forces air against the closed glottis? - Answers Valsalva maneuver
Valsalva maneuver is for what? - Answers Esophageal reflux
True or False
The reverse Trendelenburg position is useful in demonstrating esophageal reflux? - Answers False
What is the patient preparation required for an UGI series? - Answers *NPO 8 hours* prior to study
No gum chewing
