Patho 3 exam - carefully curated, thorough study
materials
pathophysiology (Portage Learning Online)
,Question 1
Explain how the skin’s physical barrier makes it inhospitable to
microorganisms.
The way our skin is made up makes it a strong physcial barrier. The cells
are compacted and close together with multiple layers that is
continuously shed. Keratin covers our skin and produces an acidic
atomosphere that is inhospitable to microorganisms. Skin also contains
proteins and lysozomes that damages the organisms.
It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being
shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment
inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and
lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders.
A difficult task considering >80 different types of diseases and Blood
markers that can be imprecise and elevated
if other diseases are present.
History, physical and serological findings.
Evidence of an autoimmune reaction,
immunological findings are not second to other
conditions no other causes are found.
autoimmune disorders are challenging because, it can potentially affect
the cells and the tissue of the body systemic, organ, and blood.
Moreover, there are over 80 identified many are overlapping and non-
specific. to get the correct autoimmune diagnosis must be follow PT
history, physical evidence, and serological finding. Blood tests are more
generic therefore
,it’s bit challenging. however, to conclude the correct autoimmune
disorder there must be autoimmune reaction, the immunological finding
can’t be secondary diseases, and there must not be no other findings of
disease. so, for all these reasons it is difficult to diagnose autoimmune
disorders.
Diagnosing is made by history, physical, and serological findings. Since
some blood tests are more generic, results can be imprecise. Markers can
be elevated in the presence of other diseases. Criteria for diagnosis:
Evidence of an autoimmune reaction, immunological findings are not
second to other conditions, and no other causes are found.
There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping presentations. Many
manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in other non-autoimmune
diseases. Blood testing isn’t perfect either, as some tests are more
generic and can be elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Question 2
Which cell is the first responder to phagocytose a foreign invader?
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Dendritic cell
Which cells serve an important role innate and adaptive immunity?
Natural killer cells
, Neutrophils
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes
Which type of immunity is characterized by the development of a specific
response to an antigen?
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Autoimmunity
Active immunity
Which cell is not involved in innate?
Helper T cells
Question 3
What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune response?
Antibodies
Antigens
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
What allows the lymphocyte to differentiate between self and foreign
molecules?
Antigen presenting cells
Regulatory cells
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule
Effector cells
Question 4
materials
pathophysiology (Portage Learning Online)
,Question 1
Explain how the skin’s physical barrier makes it inhospitable to
microorganisms.
The way our skin is made up makes it a strong physcial barrier. The cells
are compacted and close together with multiple layers that is
continuously shed. Keratin covers our skin and produces an acidic
atomosphere that is inhospitable to microorganisms. Skin also contains
proteins and lysozomes that damages the organisms.
It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being
shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment
inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and
lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders.
A difficult task considering >80 different types of diseases and Blood
markers that can be imprecise and elevated
if other diseases are present.
History, physical and serological findings.
Evidence of an autoimmune reaction,
immunological findings are not second to other
conditions no other causes are found.
autoimmune disorders are challenging because, it can potentially affect
the cells and the tissue of the body systemic, organ, and blood.
Moreover, there are over 80 identified many are overlapping and non-
specific. to get the correct autoimmune diagnosis must be follow PT
history, physical evidence, and serological finding. Blood tests are more
generic therefore
,it’s bit challenging. however, to conclude the correct autoimmune
disorder there must be autoimmune reaction, the immunological finding
can’t be secondary diseases, and there must not be no other findings of
disease. so, for all these reasons it is difficult to diagnose autoimmune
disorders.
Diagnosing is made by history, physical, and serological findings. Since
some blood tests are more generic, results can be imprecise. Markers can
be elevated in the presence of other diseases. Criteria for diagnosis:
Evidence of an autoimmune reaction, immunological findings are not
second to other conditions, and no other causes are found.
There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping presentations. Many
manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in other non-autoimmune
diseases. Blood testing isn’t perfect either, as some tests are more
generic and can be elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Question 2
Which cell is the first responder to phagocytose a foreign invader?
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Dendritic cell
Which cells serve an important role innate and adaptive immunity?
Natural killer cells
, Neutrophils
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes
Which type of immunity is characterized by the development of a specific
response to an antigen?
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Autoimmunity
Active immunity
Which cell is not involved in innate?
Helper T cells
Question 3
What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune response?
Antibodies
Antigens
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
What allows the lymphocyte to differentiate between self and foreign
molecules?
Antigen presenting cells
Regulatory cells
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule
Effector cells
Question 4
