DIT 121 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

DIT 121 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What is the main form of fat in the diet and the major storage form of fat in the body? - answer -triglycerides What 2 types of molecules (and how many of each) join together to forma triglyceride? - answer -glycerol + 3 fatty acids Explain what is meant by saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated when referring to fatty acids. - answer -monounsaturated: fatty acids have 1 double bond between carbons Polyunsaturated: fatty acids have 2 or more double bonds between carbons Saturated: no double bonds Omega-3 fatty acids - answer -have the 1st double bond after the 3rd carbon, counting from the methyl (CH3) group Omega-6 fatty acid - answer -have the 1st double bond after 6th carbon, counting from the methyl group Which type of fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) tend to make fats solid at room temperature? - answer -saturated: saturated with hydrogens Unsaturated: not saturated with hydrogen, can hold more hydrogen Which types of fatty acids (saturated/unsaturated) tend to make fats liquid soft at room temperature - answer -saturated fatty acids stack together, make fats solid at room temperature: animal fat, bacon grease, lard, chicken fat, butter Unsaturated fatty acids: dont stack neatly, making fats soft or liquid at room temperature: avocado, fatty fish, nuts and seeds, olives, vegetable oils. What is hydrogenation, and why is this done to the oils in processed foods? - answer -hydrogenation produces trans-fatty acids; "trans-fat" are oils to which H atoms have been added. 38. Researchers do nitrogen balance studies to estimate ________________ . (p. 182) - answer -protein requirements 38. If the body doesn't use amino acids for building or repairing tissue, what else can it do with them? - answer -- Make nonessential amino acids - Make body proteins - Make fat (triglycerides) - Make glucose - Use for energy (4 cal/gram) During starvation, after glycogen stores have been used up, what then becomes the body's main source of essential glucose? - answer -protein What compound is excreted in the urine to rid the body of excess nitrogen? - answer -UREA in your urine, makes your urine yellow. 48. What is the protein recommendation for athletes (g/kg/day)? How does this compare with the protein recommendation for non-athletes? (lecture) - answer -- RDA for adults: 0.8 g per kg body weight/day 48. What % of kcalories should come from protein (give the range), assuming that adequate kcalories are consumed? - answer -- AMDR: 10-35% of kcalories 48. Are protein powders or individual amino acid supplements useful for muscle building, according to your text? - answer -- More of a convenience. Amino acids won't build muscle alone. 48. Does a high protein intake (higher than the recommendation for athletes) stimulate muscle building? - answer -- Protein Recommendation for Athletes: 1.21.7 g/kg body wt./day - NO RDA for athletes. 48. What are some possible health benefits of a vegetarian diet? (See Highlight 2 for answer to questions 57-59.) - answer -- Weight control - Reduces risk of obesity, heart disease, high BP, type 2 diabetes, some cancers 48. What nutrients are the most likely to be low in a vegetarian diet that is not well planned? - answer -- Calcium, iron, omega- 3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, zinc. 48. What types of foods are included in a well-planned vegetarian diet? - answer -- Legumes, nuts, grains 74. What are the 4 components of energy expenditure in people? - answer -- basal metabolism, thermic effective food, physical activity, adaptive thermogenesis (extra calories needed for extra physiology circumstances (becoming ill, stranded: need more energy to keep your body going). Metabolism: - answer -Energy nutrients broken down further into energy (ATP), water and carbon dioxide. The sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living cells. Catabolism: - answer -The breakdown of body compounds and releases energy. Anabolism: - answer -The building up of body compounds and requires energy. Example of Catabolism in the body: - answer -Catabolism are reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones and release energy. Example of Anabolism in the body: - answer -Anabolism are reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones and require energy. What are ATP and ADP? - answer -ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy used by an organism in its daily operations. It consists of an adenosine molecule and three inorganic phosphates. After a simple reaction breaking down ATP to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) , the energy released from the breaking of a molecular bond is the energy we use to keep ourselves alive.